【作者】 邱英；

【导师】 干友民； 彭燕；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 草业科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 以午夜（Midnight）和巴润（Baron）草地早熟禾品种为对照，于2005-2007年对源自西南地区13份野生草地早熟禾的生长特性、抗逆特性及坪用价值进行研究，采用集对分析方法对供试草地早熟禾的生态适应性进行综合评价，结果表明：1．不同野生草地早熟禾的生长特性和成坪速度均存在显著差异。在成坪期间，不同材料间生长速度差异达到极显著水平（P＜0.01），生长最快的05P13为3.98mm／d；最低的05P06仅为0.12mm／d；单株总分蘖数变异范围为38.0-161.33蘖／株；15份供试材料根茎特性表现为强、中、弱三类。其中，05P01、05P06、05P08、05P10、05P13、05P15、05P16为强根茎型，根茎数量多达44.33条／株，长度为6.7cm，茎粗为1.14mm；05P03、05P04、05P05、05P07、05P14、CK1、CK2为中等根茎型，其根茎数量、长度及茎粗分别为41.67条／株，5.53cm，0.72mm；05P02为弱根茎型，其根茎数量、长度、茎粗仅为15.33条／株，3.27cm，0.38mm。不同草地早熟禾成坪速度为58天-81天，平均为67天。成坪速度与分枝角度即株丛类型之间呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01），R=—0.811。2．采用分级评价法对供试草地早熟禾耐热性进行综合评价结果为：05P16、05P04和CK耐热性最强，综合耐热级别值分别为43、42和40；而耐热性最弱的为05P08和05P05，综合耐热级别值仅为23和19，耐热性相对较强的有05P01、05P03、05P10和05P13。供试草地早熟禾耐热性排序为05P16＞05P04＞CK＞05P13＞05P10＞05P03＞05P01＞05P02＞05P15＞05P14＞05P07＞05P06＞05P05＞05P08。3．不同草地早熟禾锈病发病率、严重度和反应指数存在明显差异。三个参数变异范围分别为29％-97％，1.61-53.00，2.60-3.90，变异系数分别为37.48％，73.51％和24.51％。根据发病率，严重度，严重度级别，反应指数将供试材料划分为高度感病、中度感病和中度抗病型三类，其中，感病型材料占66％，33％的材料表现为中度抗病。4．供试材料间光合响应曲线的特征参数存在着显著差异（P＜0.05）。初始量子效率在0.02μmol m^-2．s^-1-0.08μmol m^-2．s^-1之间，最大净光合速率为1.4μmol m^-2．s^-1 -32.2μmol m^-2．s^-1；暗呼吸速率为-2.33μmolm^-2．s^-1-0.8909μmol m^-2．s^-1；不同材料光补偿点差异较大，变异范围为10.543μmol m^-2．s^-1到106.25μmolm^-2．s^-1，最高的为05P14(106.2405μmol m^-2．s^-1)．光补偿点由高到低排列为：05P14＞05P05＞05P08＞05P07＞05P16＞05P13＞05P06＞05P02＞05P15＞05P10＞CK＞05P01＞05P04＞05P03；而光饱和点变异范围为354.0483μmol m^-2．s^-1-1565.6231μmol m^-2．s^-1，其中05P05光饱和点最高，除05P06，05P07，05P16三份材料外，其余的材料光饱和点均大于500μmol m^-2．s^-1；05P01，05P10和CK1具有较低的光补偿点和暗呼吸速率R_day。5．根据反映生长特性（再生速度、分蘖数、根茎数、根茎长度）和抗逆特性（越夏率、相对电导率、丙二醛含量、POD酶活性、锈病发生率、锈病发生严重程度）的主要指标，采用集对分析对供试草地早熟禾适应性进行综合评价，结果为05P04、05P13、05P14、05P15和CK1的生态适应性较好（相对贴近度r_k值为0.61-0.70），05P06、05P08和CK2适应性较差，而05P02的生态适应最差（r_k值为0.38），其余材料的生态适应性居中（r_k值为0.50-0.59）。6．根据质地、密度、均一性、颜色、成坪速度、绿期、抗病性和耐热性8项指标，采用“五分制”草坪质量评价体系，对供试材料坪用价值进行综合评价。其中，CK1和05P04全年综合得分最高，均为4.25分，总体表现为草坪颜色蓝绿，密度大，形成的草坪均匀一致，抗病性和耐热性均较好；较高的有05P03和05P06，得分为4分；中等的有05P01、05P10、05P13、05P14、05P15，前2份材料得分为3.75分，后三份均未3.625分；而05P02和05P07表现最差，得分仅为2.75分和3.125分，主要是抗病性和耐热性较差所致。更多还原

【Abstract】 This experiment had performed with analysis on thirteen wild Poa pratensis and two varieties （Midnight and Baron） were selected as check. The growth, resistance characteristics and turf characters were studied from 2005 to 2007. And evaluate the tested varieties of Poa pratensis ecological adaptability by set pair analysis. The results showed that:1. There are significant difference in grow characteristics and maturate time .In the maturation, the growth rate were significantly （P＜0.01） among the tested populations of Poa pratensis .Populations of the highest was 05P 13 （3.98mm/d）; the lowest was 05P06 （0.12mm/d）.The total tiller number among the tested populations of Poa pratensis varied from 38.0 tillers/plant to 161.33 tillers/plant. The rhizome characteristics were divided into 3 groups by cluster analysis method based on rhizome number, rhizome length and rhizome diameter parameters. The maximum capacity group included populations 05P01,05P06,05P08,05P10,05P13,05P15,05P16,Their total number of rhizome were 44.33, rhizome length were 6.7cm and rhizome diameter were 1.14mm;the medium capacity included populations 05P03, 05P04, 05P05, 05P07, 05P14, CK1, CK2, Their total number of rhizome were 41.67, rhizome length were 5.53cm and rhizome diameter were 0.72mm;the minimum capacity only included population 05P02, It total number of rhizome ,rhizome length, rhizome diameter directly were 15.33,3.27cm and 0.38mm. The maturate time were 58-81days in different populations. And the maturate time was high significant negative correlation to the branching angle which represents plant growing type （P＜0.01）, R=-0.811.2. In this experiment, taking the classified evaluation method to comprehensive evaluated on heat tolerance, the results indicated that: 05P16, 05P04 and CK were the most resistant to heat tolerance, and their value of comprehensive evaluated on heat tolerance were forty-there, forty-two and forty; while 05P08 and 05P05 were weakest resistant to heat tolerance, and their value of comprehensive evaluated on heat tolerance were twenty-two and nineteen. The heat resistant abilities of the tested populations of Poa pratensis as following: 05P16＞05P04＞CK＞05P13＞05P10＞05P03＞05P01＞05P02＞05P15＞05P14＞05P07＞05P06＞05P05＞05P08.3. In this experiment, there exist enormous difference in different material, the variation in rang of leaves rate of rust disease, serious degrees of disease, comprehensive index were respectively 29% - 97%, 1.61-53.00, 2.60-3.90,the CV is 37.48%, 73.51% and 24.51% respectively. According to leaves rate of rust disease, serious degrees of disease, comprehensive index, tested material will be divided into three types: HS （Highly susceptible）, MS （Medium susceptible）, MR （Medium resistance）. And 66% materials were susceptible type, only 33% were Medium resistance.4. The characteristic parameter of light response curve of tested material were significant, the psi was 0.02μmol m^-2.s^-1 to 0.08μmol m^-2.s^-1; the Rday was -2.33μmol m^-2. s^-1 to 0.8909μmol m^-2.s^-1; the P_max and L_cp were 1.4μmol m^-2.s^-1 to 32.2μmol m^-2.s^-1 and 10.543μmol m^-2.s^-1 to 106.25μmol m^-2.s^-1. 05P14 has the highest L_cp (106.2405μmol m^-2.s^-1), and the Lcp of tested material from high to low as follows: 05P14＞05P05＞05P08＞05P07＞05P16＞05P13＞05P06＞05P02＞05P15＞05P10＞CK＞05P01＞05P04＞05P03. The variation in rang of L_sp was 354.0483μmol m^-2.s^-1.1565.6231μmol m^-2.s^-1, 05P05 has the highest L_sp. Most material’s Lsp were larger than 500μmol m^-2.s^-1 excluding 05P06, 05P07, 05P16. 05P01, 05P10 and CK1 have lower L_cp and Rd_ay.5. 10 indices were selected on growth characteristics and resistance characteristics to evaluate P.pratensis ecoadaptation by set pair analysis. The results showed that some tested material adapted well, including 05P04,05P13,05P14,05P15 and CK1 （r_k=0.61-0.70） ; 05P02 adapted weakly （r_k=0.43-0.47）, other tested P.pratensis adapted in middle （r_k=0.50-0.59）.6. Taking 8 indices about texture,density,uniformity, color ,maturate time, green period, rust disease resistance and heat resistance to comprehensive evaluated on turf characters, the results indicated that: The maximum comprehensive evaluated on turf characters group included populations CK1 （4.25）and 05P04（4.25）; the medium included populations 05P01（3.75）,05P10（3.75）,05P13（3.63）, 05P14（3.63）, 05P15 （3.63）; The minimum included populations 05P02 （2.75） and 05P07 （3.13） which because of weakly rust disease resistance and heat resistance.更多还原