【作者】 游小燕；

【导师】 朱庆； 蒋小松；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以四川省畜牧科学研究院和大恒家禽育种有限公司共同培育的优质肉鸡(共240只)为研究对象，对H-FABP基因和EX-FABP基因的PCR-SSCP遗传多样性进行了研究，同时结合测定的生产资料，分析不同基因型与屠宰性状和肉质性状的相关性。结果表明：在第2、4、5、7和第11对引物中发现鸡H-FABP基因的PCR-SSCP多态性位点且这些位点都主要存在于内含子区域。经PCR-SSCP分析并结合测序结果发现：第一内含子存在2个多态位点即332 G→A、534 G→A；第二外显子也存在2个多态位点即783 C→T，835C→T；在第二内含子中存在的变异位点为：1198T→C、2329C→T。通过最小二乘分析和显著性检验发现，第2对引物产生的不同基因型在各品种或品系之间的差异显著(P＜0.05)，第4对，第5对和第7对引物产生的不同基因型在各品种或品系之间的差异极显著(P＜0.01)。经过不同基因型与屠宰性状和肉质性状的关联分析得知：第5对引物产生的不同基因型间的活重、屠体重、胸肌重、腹脂重和腹脂率差异显著(P＜0.05)；第4对引物产生的不同基因型间的肌纤维密度(MFN)、精氨酸(Arg)和苏氨酸(Thr)含量差异显著(P＜0.05)；第7对引物产生的不同基因型间的肌苷酸含量(IMP)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)和苏氨酸(Thr)含量差异显著(P＜0.05)。通过对鸡EX-FABP基因进行PCR-SSCP分析并结合测序结果发现：在该基因的扩增区域内存在645C→T、3254C→T、3266T→C、4272A→G和4282A→G等5处突变。通过最小二乘分析和显著性检验发现，在第4对引物产生的不同基因型在各品种或品系之间差异极显著(P＜0.01)。经过不同基因型与屠宰性状和肉质性状的关联分析得知：第4对引物产生的不同基因型间的谷氨酸(Glu)和粗灰分(Ash)含量差异显著(P＜0.05)；第14对引物产生的不同基因型间的缬氨酸(Val)含量差异显著(P＜0.05)。在本次实验鸡群中，H-FABP基因和EX-FABP基因与脂肪性状如皮下脂肪厚、肌间脂肪含量等不存在显著的相关性，但它们却对于肌纤维密度、谷氨酸、肌苷酸等影响肉质风味的性状有着较大程度的影响。通过本次实验结果可以推测：H-FABP基因可能对于鸡屠宰性状和肉质性状具有很大的影响或与控制屠宰性能和肉质性状的主基因连锁，所检测到的M1M1-B282-D1D1基因型的各项性状指标值均较优良，是很有价值的基因型组合，EZ-FASP基因可能对于鸡肉质风味性状有一定的影响，尚可进行更深入的研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 The polymorphisms of chicken heart type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) gene and extracellular fatty acid binding protein (EX-FABP) gene were detected by PCR-SSCP method with different pairs of primers among 228 chickens from 8 populations (including 5 pure lines and 3 crossbreds developed by Sichuan Animal Science Academy and Dahen Poultry Breeding Company). Based on the detection of polymorphisms, the effects of different genotypes on slaughter and meat quality traits were analyzed.In this experiment, the single nucleotide polymorphisms of chicken H-FABP gene and EX-FABP gene were detected by PCR-SSCP method with different pairs of primers among 228 chickens from 8 populations. Results indicated that there were six mutation sites in H-FABP gene: 332G→A, 534G→A, 783 C→T, 835C→T, 1198T→C, 2329C→T, the X~2 test results showed that there was significant difference in the frequency of genotypes among breeds (P＜0.05) (Fragment 2) and extremity significant differences in the frequency of genotypes among breeds (P＜0.01) (Fragment 4, 5, 7). In EX-FABP gene, there were five mutation sites: 645C→T, 3254C→T, 3266T→C, 4272A→G, 4282A→G, the X~2 test results showed that there was extremity significant difference in the frequency of genotypes among breeds (P＜0.01) (Fragment 4). Based on the detected polymorphisms, the effects of different genotypes on slaughter and meat quality traits were analyzed. In H-FABP gene, there were significant differences between genotypes and MFN, Arg and Thr (P＜0.05) (fragment 4); significant differences between genotypes and LW, CW, BMW, AW and AP (P＜0.05) (fragment 5) and significant differences between genotypes and Thr, Phe and IMP (P＜0.05) (fragment 7); In EX-FABP gene, there were significant differences between genotypes and Glu and Ash (P＜0.05) (fragment 4); and significant differences between genotypes and Val (P＜0.05) (fragment 14). It was concluded that H-FABP gene was the major genes affecting the slaughter performance and meat quality traits of chicken or linking with the major gene in these strains, the mutation could be used as the molecular genetic marker to select the high quality chicken. The combination of M1M1-B2B2-D1D1 was an ideal model for breeding in poultry because it could not only improve slaughter, but also increase meat quality traits.更多还原