【作者】 王环宇；

【导师】 单安山；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着生活水平的提高，人们对畜禽产品的品质提出了更高的要求。然而在养殖过程中，抗生素乱用，以及集约化饲养导致的鸡肉品质下降等问题却日趋严重。补益类中草药能增强动物免疫机能、改善动物产品品质，抗菌促生长，且来源广泛、价格低廉、安全方便、无毒副作用、低残留、无抗药性。因此引起国内外学者的广泛兴趣，并成为当前畜牧科研工作者的研发热点。本文通过女贞子萃取物对肉仔鸡抗氧化机能和肉质风味影响的研究，希望为肉鸡生产及饲料行业提供理论依据并作出有益尝试。本研究首先对女贞子采用超临界CO₂萃取法提纯，得浸膏状萃取物，经高效液相色谱法测定，萃取物中齐墩果酸含量为5.6％。然后，将萃取物添加到肉鸡日粮中，研究女贞子萃取物对肉仔鸡生长性能、抗氧化机能、血清生化指标和肉质风味的影响。选用1日龄初始条件一致的艾维茵肉仔鸡（公雏）200只，按体重随机分为5个处理组，每组设4个重复，每个重复10只鸡。试验全期56天。空白组（Ⅰ）喂给基础日粮（不添任何药物），试验组（Ⅱ）在基础日粮中添加5mg／kg黄霉素，试验组（Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ）分别在基础日粮中添加0.1％、0.2％、0.4％女贞子萃取物。研究结果表明，在日粮中添加女贞子萃取物对肉仔鸡的体重、日增重均无显著影响（P＞0.05），对1～56日龄料重比也无显著影响（P＞0．05）。说明女贞子萃取物对肉仔鸡生产性能无显著影响。女贞子萃取物能显著提高肉仔鸡血清、心脏、肝脏、肾脏中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的含量（P＜0.05），降低血清、心脏、肝脏中丙二醛（MDA）的含量（P＜0.05）；与空白组相比，显著提高提高血清、肾脏中谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）的活性（P＜0.05），增强血清和心脏的总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）（P＜0.05）。本结果表明女贞子萃取物可显著提高肉仔鸡血清和组织的抗氧化能力，增强机体健康度和抗病力，增强脂质稳定性。女贞子萃取物能显著增加血清中高密度脂蛋白（HDL）含量（P＜0.05），降低总胆固醇（TC）及低密度脂蛋白（LDL）含量（P＜0.05），并有降低血清甘油三酯（TG）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）含量的趋势，但差异不显著。本结果提示女贞子萃取物可有效降低肉仔鸡血清中总胆固醇含量，增强机体对胆固醇和甘油三酯的运输能力。在日粮中添加女贞子萃取物可缓解鸡肉pH下降程度（P＜0.05），改善鸡肉的嫩度（P＜0.05），减少滴水损失（P＜0.05）。同时，女贞子萃取物还有减少肌肉失水率的作用，但差异不显著。本研究表明，女贞子萃取物可显著提高肉仔鸡肌肉理化特性，改善鸡肉口感，提高鸡肉的肉质品质。女贞子萃取物可显著增加肌肉中肌苷酸（IMP）的含量（P＜0.05），并有增加肌肉中蛋白含量的趋势。由本结果可见，女贞子萃取物可增加肌肉中的风味物质含量，使味道更加鲜美。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the improvement of living standards, the requirement of livestock quality and poultryproducts had been advanced. However, in the course of farming, indiscriminate use of antibioticsand intensive farming had aroused the increasingly serious problem of the declining qualitychicken. Chinese herbs could enhance immune function, improve the quality of animal products,and promote growth. Except that, it also had characteristics of a wide source, cheap, safety andconvenience, non-toxic side effect, low-residue and without resistance. As the contribution onbroiler production and the feed industry, this article researched the effects of extraction of FructusLigustri Lucidi on broilers.Through the SFE-CO₂ of extraction method depuration to Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, researchersgot the extraction. Oleanolic acid in the extraction was detected 5.6% content by HPLC.Effects ofextraction of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on growth performance, antioxidation, serum biochemicalparameters and meat quality of broilers were investigated in the current study.Two hundreds 1-day-old laying male chicks were used. They were assigned randomly into 5groups with 4 replicate set with 10 chicks per replicate for a 56-day trail. GroupⅢ,Ⅳ,Ⅴwere fedcorn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% extraction of FLL. GroupⅡwere fed the basal diet supplemented with 5mg/kg fiavomycin. GroupⅠwere fed with the basaldiet. Bodyweight, feed intake and feed efficiency of broilers every replication were measured at35d and 56d.The results indicated that there were no significant difference between groups fed withextraction of FLL and control on the daily weight gain, bodyweight and feed coversion of broilers（P＞0.05）.Total surperoxide dismutase activity in heart, kidney and liver of groups supplemented withextraction of FLL was significantly increased （P＜0.05）, and malondialdehyde concentration insecum, heart, liver of broilers supplemented with extraction of FLL was significantly decreased（P＜0.05）. In addition, glutathione reductase activity in secure, kidney of broilers with extraction ofFLL were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. Total anti-oxidized capability in secum and heart ofbroilers with extraction of FLL were significantly enhanced. This result indicated that theextraction of FLL could significantly enhance broilers serum and organization’s anti-oxidizedability, the enhancement organism health and the resistance to disease, the enhancement lipinstability. The concentration of total cholesterol （TC） and low-density lipoproteins （LDL） wassignificantly decreased in treatments supplemented with extraction of FLL. The concentration ofhigh-density lipoproteins （HDL） was increased. The results suggested that extraction of FLL couldeffectively reduce serum total cholesterol content of broilers, increase the transportation capacity ofthe body of cholesterol and triglycerides.PH value of meat of broilers supplemented with extraction of FLL was significantly decreased（P＜0.05）, and meat tenderness of broilers was significantly improved （P＜0.05）, the drop loss wasreduced. In addition, abdominal fatty rate had different improvement by feeding extraction of FLLadditives （P＞0.05）. Meanwhile, extraction of FLL could also reduce muscle water loss rate, but thedifference was not significant.This study showed that the extraction of FLL could significantlyincrease physical and chemical characteristics of the broiler’s muscle, improve chickentaste.,enhance the quality of chicken.Inosine monophosphate （IMP） content of muscel was significantly increased throughsupplementing with extraction of FLL （P＜0.05）. In addition, extraction of FLL could significantlyreduce the rate of broiler’s abdominal fat （P＜0.05）. The data showed that extraction of FLL couldimprove taste of broiler’s muscle更多还原