【作者】 赵吴琼；

【导师】 周连仁；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 土壤学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 磷是植物生长发育所必须的营养元素之一，作为土壤磷库的重要组成部分，土壤有机磷对土壤肥力和植物有效性有着重要的影响。过去人们对土壤磷的有效性研究主要集中在植物可直接利用的无机磷这一形态上，很少研究其它形态磷素的有效性问题，尤其是很少研究有机态磷。事实上，土壤中某些有机磷是易矿化的，对土壤磷素供应起着重要的作用。因此，弄清土壤中有机磷的形态、数量及其有效性对农业生产和评价土壤供磷能力将有重大意义。特别是在无机磷含量较低的土壤上，土壤有机磷经过矿化分解而转化为有效态磷，然后供给植物吸收利用，更成为植物吸收磷素的重要来源。本文采集国家肥力网的四种土壤潮土、水稻土、红壤和紫色土作为研究对象，从CK、N、NP、NPK和NPKM五个施肥处理入手，结合盆栽有机磷有效性试验(已有有机磷化合物与本实验室研制有机磷化合物YJL1和YJL2之间的植物有效性试验)，探讨不同施肥处理对有机磷形态含量变化的影响以及生物有效性。取得如下主要结果：1．我国典型土壤上，在不同的施肥处理条件下有机磷四种形态的含量不同，其中以中活性有机磷为主，然后为中稳性有机磷、高稳性有机磷和活性有机磷，大致顺序为中活性有机磷＞中稳性有机磷＞高稳性有机磷＞活性有机磷。2．不同施肥处理，对有机磷四种形态含量影响不同，主要表现在对活性有机磷和中活性有机磷两种形态上。在N处理上，四种形态含量变化都不是很大，主要是形态之间的相互转换；在有磷施入后，四种形态均有所提高，特别是在NPK和NPKM两处理上增加的更为显著，说明合理施肥有利于有机磷的吸收利用。3．在四种土壤上，不同施肥处理对有机磷总量和四种形态所占的比例大致不变，都保持在一定的范围之内浮动，没有明显的差异。4．在土壤有机磷形态与速效磷之间的相关系数中，有机磷四种形态中的多数形态与速效磷有极显著的相关关系，结合土壤中中活性有机磷含量最多，占土壤总有机磷的50％以上的结论，可以得出中活性有机磷是土壤有机磷有效形态的主要贡献者，在有机磷供磷能力上占主导作用。5．在植株生长和生物量上方面，有机磷化合物YJL1和YJL2对植物的生长和干物质的积累有很明显的促进作用，整个生长期也没有表现出明显的缺磷症状。说明此两种有机磷化合物在植物供磷及持续供磷能力上较普通磷肥和有机磷肥卵磷脂和植酸钙突出。6．在植株吸磷量和磷素利用率方面，YJL1和YJL2处理好于磷酸二氢钙和植酸钙，相当于卵磷脂的效果，但综合生产中的产出比，两种有机磷化合物在作为有机磷肥使用上有一定的潜力及深入研究的价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Phosphorus is one of the essential elements for plant growth; organic phosphorus imposes animportant impact on the soil fertility and vegetative availability. In the past, studies on phosphorusavailability was centered on the direct utilization of inorganic phosphorus, other forms ofphosphorus were rarely studied, especially organic phosphorus. In fact, some of organicphosphorus was easy to be mineralized and plays an important role to the supply of phosphorus.Thus, a thorough understanding of the forms and quantity of organic phosphorus has implicationsfor the agricultural production and the supply of phosphorus. Especially on the phosphorusdeficient soils, organic phosphorus may be mineralized and be transformed into availablephosphorus to supply plant. In this case, organic phosphorus becomes an important supplier ofphosphorus to the plant.In this study, four types of soils, the fluvo-aquic soil, paddy soil, red soil and purple soil from"CNSFFELTMN", were taken into consideration as the objects of study. Beginning from fertilizerexperiments (treatments: CK, N, NP, NPK and NPKM) combined with bioavailability experimentsin pot, effects of fertilizer treatments on the organic forms and on the bioavailability of phosphoruswere studied. The results showed that:1 On the typical soils of China, the organic phosphorus contents for every four types was different,the neutral active organic phosphorus dominated the organic phosphorus, followed by the middlestable organic phosphorus, the high stable organic phosphorus and active organic phosphorus.2 Fertilizer treatment effects on the contents of four type organic phosphorus was high, mainly onthe types of active organic phosphorus and neutral organic phosphorus. For the N treatment,changes of contents of four types of organic phosphorus were not remarkable, and changes remainon the inter-transformation between these four types. When phosphorus fertilizer was applied, thecontents of four types of organic phosphorus were all elevated in certain extent, and for thetreatments of NPK and NPKM, the increases in organic phosphorus of all four types wereremarkable, indicating that balanced fertilization benefited the uptake and use of organicphosphorus.3 On the soils of four types, the total organic phosphorus content and the ratio between the fourtypes of organic phosphorus for different fertilizer treatments remained almost stable; theyfluctuated in certain extent without significance.4 On the relationship between organic phosphorus and labile phosphorus, most of the organicphosphorus correlated with labile phosphorus at 0.01 level. In combination of the conclusion that middle active phosphorus’ content was highest, accounting for more than 50％of the total organicphosphorus, the conclusion that middle active phosphorus was the biggest contributor to theavailable organic phosphorus can be drawn; the middle active phosphorus leaded the supply oforganic phosphorus.5 On the plant growth and biomass, organic phosphoric compounds YJL1 and YJL2 increased thegrowth of plant and the accumulation of dry-matter significantly, no phosphorus deficientsymptoms was shown during the entire growing season, showing that these two organic phosphoriccompounds were much better than ordinary phosphorus fertilizers, lecithin and calcium phytate insupplying phosphorus to the plant.6 On the vegetative uptake of phosphorus and the efficiency of phosphorus, treatments of organicphosphoric compounds YJL1 and YJL2 were more prominent than mono-calcium phosphate andcalcium phytate treatments, equivalent to the lecithin treatment. These two organic phosphoriccompounds have certain potential and value and studies is worth to be studied furthered as organicphosphorus fertilizer.更多还原