【作者】 陈晨；

【导师】 张永根；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本实验根据我国北方寒冷季节中的温度、湿度、太阳高度角与保温材料的性能等指标设计并制作了适于低温环境中使用的“犊牛岛?，并利用犊牛岛做了培育犊牛的饲养实验。通过监测温度、湿度、有害气体含量、犊牛的生长性能等指标测试其应用效果。实验采用完全随机化分组试验设计，试验分为2个处理组，每个处理组中有4头荷斯坦犊牛，其中公母各半。处理组1中犊牛按照传统模式于犊牛舍中饲养：处理组2犊牛放入犊牛岛中饲养。两组犊牛采用相同的饲喂方式，经过7天饲喂初乳的预饲期后，每日分别于5：30、11：30和16：30饲喂常乳1.5kg，自由饮水，20天后添加犊牛开饲料。每天监测犊牛舍与犊牛岛内温湿度、有害气体含量、光照强度等各项环境指标，每日观察犊牛采食情况、排泄情况和精神状态。并分别于实验第1、30、50、70日对犊牛称重，测量体高、体斜长与胸围。实验于2006年11月份在黑龙江海顺牛场进行，温度范围为-5℃～-30℃。环境指标测定结果表明，在寒冷季节犊牛岛内温湿度与犊牛舍内温湿度差异显著(P＜0.01)，温度和湿度都为犊牛舍内较高，犊牛岛内一天中温度变化较大，湿度存在变化，但是幅度很小。犊牛舍温度和湿度变化均不显著(P＞0.05)。在实验全期内，犊牛岛内最高温度随环境温度降低而降低，并且温度变化的速率也随之加快。畜舍内三种主要有害气体除硫化氢均未检测出外，二氧化碳与氨气检验结果分析均表明犊牛岛内有害气体含量显著低于犊牛舍内有害气体含量(P＜0.01)。但是每组内两种有害气体含量变化不明显。两组间光照强度经分析差异显著(P＜0.01)，犊牛岛内光照强度大于犊牛舍内光照强度，更有利于犊牛对钙的吸收。犊牛成长性能实验结果表明，犊牛体重的增长与体尺的变化两处理组间均差异不显著(P＞0.05)。但是3组日增重之间差异显著(P＜0.01)。30d日增重最少，为310.41±14.52g；50d次之，为394.25±11.82g；70d最优，为455.89±9.05g。由上述实验结果得出，本实验所设计犊牛岛适合在北方寒冷季节使用。犊牛岛内饲养犊牛在环境指标和成长性能方面都优于常规的犊牛舍饲养方法。本实验融合了太阳能暖舍的设计理念与保温建筑材料的应用，建造出了适于在寒冷季节中使用的犊牛岛，为动物福利与犊牛冷培育的进一步研究奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Calf hutch suitable for low temperature environment is designed and made by researchtemperature、humidity、sunlight slope、heat-preservation material’s function in cold north, and calfhutch made in this experiment is utilized to rasing calves. Calf hutch’s application effect isevaluated by monitoring temperature、humidity、harmful gas content and growth performance.Randomization grouped experiment design is adopted, there are two deals, each deal has 4caves, two male two female. Caves in deal 1 are rased in traditional barn, Caves in deal 2 are rasedin calf hutch. All the caves in two deals are rased by the same way, in the first 7 days, feed themforemilk, in the next 20 days, 1.5 kg milk is fed to them at 5: 30、11:30和16:30 everyday, thenfeed them feedstuff. Monitoring temperature、humidity、harmful gas content and sunlight intensity,and monitoring feeding、excretion、psychosis. Weigh up their weights、highness、body length、body circumference. The experiment is done in Haishun cattle field, temperature range is—5℃～—30℃.The results about environment indicate that temperature and humidity have the remarkabledifferences between calf hutch and barn （P＜0.01）. barn has higher temperature and humidity; calfhutch has great temperature change in a day, but humidity change slightly. There are notremarkable temperature and humidity change in barn（P＞0.05）. H₂S are not inspeated, CO₂ and NH₃are inspeated, the inspeat reault indicate that there are remarkable differences between calf hutchand barn on CO₂ and NH₃ content, though there are not remarkable CO₂ and NH₃ content changeboth in calf hutch and barn. Besides there is remarkable differences between calf hutch and barn onsunlight intensity. Sunlight intensity change law is correlated with natural sunlight, the change isstationary.The results about caves growth performance indicate that, there are not remarkable differencesbetween calf hutch and barn on weight and body length, but the dates indicate that calf hutch isbetter than barn, especially the dates of body height and 30d、50d、70d’s everyday weight increase,though 30d、50d、70d’s everyday weight increase have remarkable differences, 30d’s everydayweight increase is big, 50d’s everyday weight increase is bigger, 70d’s everyday weight increase isthe biggest.The research indicate that calf hutch made in this experiment can be applicated in cold north.The innovation of calf hutch is the combination sun energy house structure and heat preservation material, calf hutch made in this experiment is suitable for the cold winter in north ofour country, but traditional calf hutch can just be used in warm season. The research do somecontribution for caves cold foster technology and animal welfare.更多还原