【作者】 孙涛；

【导师】 金学泳；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以东农423(穗重型)和东农03-44(穗数型)两个品种(系)为试验材料，于2004-2006年在东北农业大学香坊试验农场研究了三超栽培对水稻生育动态、分蘖消长、株型特征、叶面积指数、光合速率、叶片POD、MDA、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、叶片GS、NR、籽粒GS和可溶性蛋白、根系活力、根系POD、伤流液强度、各器官(叶片、茎鞘、穗部)干物质积累量、氮素含量、产量及品质表现等变化规律的影响。结果表明：1三超栽培条件下，水稻产量显著高于常规栽培。穗粒数、结实率和千粒重显著提高，但平方米穗数改变不大。2三超栽培条件下穗部性状明显改善，穗颈节维管束数量和面积显著增加，因此具有较大的流。①与常规栽培相比水稻穗部的一次枝梗各性状略有增加但不显著，而二次枝梗数量、着粒数、结实率、千粒重增加显著。同时一、二次枝梗数与穗粒数和产量呈显著正相关。②茎基节和穗颈节的大小维管束数量和面积也显著增加，且穗颈节的大小维管束数量、一二次枝梗数与穗粒数和产量均呈正相关，其中小维管束数量与结实率、千粒重均呈正相关关系。3三超栽培条件下叶源量大，且齐穗后叶源量下降缓慢。①虽然抽穗期叶面积指数低于常规栽培，但抽穗后叶面积指数衰减速度缓慢、衰减量小。②叶面积纵向分布合理，中上部叶面积比重较大，下部叶面积相对较多。③上三叶叶面积大，叶较长，叶基角和叶开角较小，叶片挺举。④三超栽培条件下齐穗后水稻剑叶仍具有较高的叶绿素含量、光合速率、POD含量、可溶性糖含量和较少的MDA，进而导致叶片衰老缓慢。4三超栽培条件下，根系健壮，衰老缓慢。①较常规栽培根系干重和体积明显增加，上层根系分布较多，下层也有一定数量的根系分布。②整个生育期内根系活力较高，齐穗后根系的伤流液强度和POD活性也明显高于常规栽培，且下降缓慢。5三超栽培条件下，干物质积累量高，转运率大。①抽穗期前植株干物质积累与常规栽培相比较低，但从抽穗期后干物质增加量和积累量明显高于常规栽培。②三超栽培水稻抽穗后茎鞘物质向穗部的转运率、转运量、转换率也显著高于常规栽培。6三超栽培水稻肥料利用率高。三超栽培的总吸氮量高于常规栽培，并且三超栽培还可提高水稻抽穗前营养器官氮素的再利用，促进贮藏性氮向穗部输送，保持较高的氮素水平，从而增强了水稻氮素利用率，提高了氮素产谷效率。7水稻三超栽培与常规栽培相比，叶片具有较高的GS、NR的活性和较高的可溶性蛋白含量，籽粒中的GS含量和可溶性蛋白的含量也较高。8三超栽培条件下水稻株型合理。茎基部节较短，穗颈节相对较长，茎秆相对较矮，株高相对较高，这样的株型有利于叶层配置，提高上部叶片的光合生产力，为高产打下了坚实的基础。9三超栽培条件下的水稻灌浆速率明显加快，灌浆时间缩短，促进水稻提早成熟。稻米品质明显改善。与常规栽培相比三超栽培下的糙米率、精米率、整精米率显著提高，蛋白质含量适当增加，直链淀粉含量下降，尤其是二次枝梗的这些因素改善的最为显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 Variation regulation of growth dynamics, tiller growing, plant type character, leaf area index,photosynthetic rate, POD content, MDA content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, GScontent, NR content of leaf, GS content, soluble protein content of grain, root activity, POD contentof root, flux activity of root system, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen content yield and qualityperformance under 3-S cultivation technique were studied in experimental farm of NortheastAgricultural University with Dongnong03-44(panicle number type) and Dongnong423(panicleweight type)in 2004 to 2006. The results were as follows:1. Grain yield of 3-S cultivation technique was higher than that of traditional cultivation,spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight were enhanced significantly, whilepanicles/m~2 changed little.2. Panicle characteristics improved evidently under 3-S cultivation technique, number and areaof vascular bundle in panicle base increased significantly. (1) Characteristics of the primary rachisbranch increased slightly while, number, grain number, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight of thesecondary rachis branch. Grain number and yield of primary rachis branch and the secondary rachisbranch were significantly positive correlations. (2) Number and area of large vascular and smallvascular in basal internode and panicle base increased significantly, Number of large vascular andsmall vascular, number of primary rachis branch and the secondary rachis branch had positivecorrelations with grain number and yield. Number of small vascular had positive correlations withseed setting rate and 1000-grain weight.3. Leaf source capacity of rice under 3-S cultivation technique was large and declined slowlyafter heading. (1) Leaf area index in heading stage of 3-S cultivation technique was smaller thanthat of traditional cultivation. But decay rate of leaf area index after heading was slowly. (2) Leafarea distributed rationally, Leaf area specific gravity of middle and top was larger, leaf area ofbottom was more than that of middle and top. (3) top-three leaf had larger leaf area, small leaf basalangle and leaf angle and leaf was erect. (4) Flag leaf remained higher chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate, POD content, soluble protein content and lower MDA content after heading, soit had slowly senescence rate.4. Under 3-S cultivation technique condition, rice root system was strong and had slowlysenescence rate. (1) Dry weight of root obvious promoted, root system that distributed in top soil layer was more. (2) Root activity was still higher in the whole stage, bleeding of root system andPOD activity after heading were higher than that of traditional cultivation.5. Rice plant under 3-S cultivation technique had more dry matter accumulation and largeexport percentage. (1) Dry matter accumulation before heading of 3-S cultivation technique waslower than that of traditional cultivation, but that was higher after heading. (2) 3-S cultivationtechnique also had higher export percentage, higher export amount and transformation of materfrom stems and sheathes to panicle after heading compared with traditional cultivation.6. Total nitrogen uptake of 3-S cultivation technique was higher than that of traditionalcultivation. 3-S cultivation technique could enhance recycle of nitrogen in nutrition apparatusbefore heading, facilitate transportation of hoarding nitrogen to panicle, maintain higher nitrogenlevel, improve nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen efficiency for grain production in rice.7. Compared with traditional cultivation, 3-S cultivation technique increased the activity of GSand NR and content of soluble protein content in leaf, enhanced content of GS and soluble proteinin grain.8. Rice had Ideal plant type under 3-S cultivation technique. Shorter basal internode, longerpanicle base and higher plant height was benefit to enhance photosynthetic productive and makefirm foundation for high yield.9. Grain-filling rate increased evidently and grain-filling time decreased under 3-S cultivationtechnique. Grain quality was improved significantly, milled rice and head milled rice and proteincontent were increased, amylase content was reduced, especially in the secondary rachis branch.更多还原