【作者】 张粟；

【导师】 滕弘霓；

【作者基本信息】 青岛科技大学 ， 应用化学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文选取两种十分有代表性的阴阳离子表面活性剂混合物，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）的混合水溶液体系。对其性质进行了深入系统的研究，包括混合体系的相行为、流变性、微观结构等，并开展了关于该混合体系在三次采油（EOR）中的应用研究。主要研究内容和结果如下：首先，SDS／CTAB／H₂O混合体系具有复杂的相行为。组成的变化对混合体系相行为影响剧烈。在组成约为1∶3或3∶1时，体系发生分相，形成双水相（ATPS）。混合体系在一定组成下还能形成偏光相。在相图中这两个ATPS区和偏光区对称分布并且十分狭窄。电解质对混合体系相行为具有强烈的影响。它们能增大ATPS相区范围，改变相区位置。并且在一定范围内电解质浓度越大，相宽越大，位置偏移越大。尤其是一些离子半径较大，电子云变形性较大的小分子有机盐能极大地增加双水相的形成范围，改变ATPS区位置。第二，冷冻蚀刻电镜实验（FF-TEM）发现SDS／CTAB／H₂O混合体系在不同组成下形成多种自组装结构。在ATPS区上相观察到了层状液晶结构，而下相为球状或棒状短胶束。这与流变实验发现的上相具有较大粘度相一致。在体系中还发现了六方和立方液晶结构。盐的加入能促使体系微观结构由短的胶束结构向三维有序的长程结构转变。第三，流变实验发现在混合体系的相图中存在两个粘度较高的区域。这两个高粘区与ATPS区或偏光区相对应，它们相互包括或部分重叠。电解质的加入能进一步增大混合体系高粘区的粘度，并且电解质的离子半径，浓度，结构等因素影响了增粘作用。实验发现了一种特殊的小分子有机盐，水杨酸钠（NaSal），它的加入使混合体系在较小浓度时就能具有三次采油用驱油剂所具备的粘度，使该体系作为一种新型的驱油剂成为可能。NaSal与SDS／CTAB混合物的相互作用复杂而且特殊，它能参与到SDS／CTAB有序组合体中，参与构建表面活性剂长程有序结构。第四，对疏水缔合聚合物（HM-Polymer）的合成和水溶液性质进行了研究。与正负离子表面活性剂混合体系相比，该体系虽然为高分子溶液，但是也同时具有与正负离子表面活性剂混合体系类似的高粘度，高活性，高耐盐性的特点。本文对这两种体系进行的比较，并进行了室内物理模拟驱油实验。这两种体系在一定程度上把看似矛盾的两种性质较好的统一起来，为进一步了解表面活性剂水溶液的性质及增大三次采油用驱油剂的选择范围提供了指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 Self-assembly of cationic/anionic surfactant mixtures in aqueous solution dependson several factors, such as Van der Waals force, hydrophobicity of the alkyl tails,electrostatic force and hydrogen bond, etc. The properties of these mixtures are alsounusual and complicated. There are many obstacles needing further cognition,although deep studied were performed increasingly, since aqueous two phase system（ATPS） was studied in the mixture. Therefor, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromideand（CTAB） and sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS）, which is representative as ionic surfactant,were chose in this paper. The phase behaviors, rheological property, microstructure andits applications in enhancive oil recovery （EOR） were studied.Firstly, the phase behaviors of mixed SDS/CTAB/H₂O were strongly affected bymole ratio （γ） of SDS and CTAB. Deposit is formed when theγis nearly 1:1. However,ATPS were found inγ=1:3 or 3:1. These two ATPS regions in ternary phase diagramare symmetry and very narrow. Salt can enlarge the ATPS regions, especially somesmall molecular weight organic salts, which have big ionic radius and deformability ofelectron cloud. The positions of ATPS were also changed with salt.Secondly, the self-assembly of the surfactant mixtures were studied with freezefracture transmission electron microscope （FF-TEM）. The mixtures have variousmicrostructures, such as lamellar, hexagonal and cube structure. In upper phase ofATPS, lamellar structure was formed; in the lower phase, however, spherical and shortstick micelles were found. Salt can induce the structural transformation.Thirdly, the mixtures have high viscosity in same certain composition, which wasincreased by additive electrolyte. In same special additive, like sodium salicylate（NaSal）, the mixtures have large viscosity, which was benefit for EOR, when lowsurfactant concentration considering recovery cost. The interaction between NaSal and SDS/CTAB nonrandom structure was complex and special. They were adsorbed intothe micelle and participate in forming the long range ordered structure.Fourthly, synthesis and properties of comb-like hydrophobic modified associationpolymer （HM-polymer） were studied system in this paper. It is similar that thisHM-polymer solution has both high viscosity and surface activity, when comparedwith SDS/CTAB mixture, although it is macromolecule. To same extent, these twoincompatible properties were united in these systems. It gives us guidance and morescope to choose surfactant in EOR and helps us to understand surfactant mixture better.Finally, the rheology property of HM-polymer and mixed SDS/CTAB system arestudied in different simulation stratum condition. Physical simulation experiments ofEOR were performed. Mixed SDS/CTAB system shows its own advantages.SDS/CTAB mixture has both lower surface and interfacial intensive and high viscosity,which make this system an excellent flooding agent in EOR.更多还原