【作者】 杨微；

【导师】 葛洪魁；

【作者基本信息】 中国地震局地球物理研究所 ， 固体地球物理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随钻地震(Seismic While Drilling)技术是勘探地球物理与石油工程相结合的产物，是一项学科交叉的技术。它以钻头破岩产生的地震波为震源，采集从地层传播上来的振动信号，获得钻头前方地层的反射波信息，用于评价待钻地层、预测超压层、地层界面和地层特性，以降低钻井风险、提高钻井质量。在全面分析国内外随钻地震技术发展现状基础上，提出了一套新的随钻地震技术路线，现场试验证明可行。开展了随钻地震震源特性及信号传播规律的理论与模拟、随钻地震采集方法、随钻地震资料处理方法等方面的探索研究。对随钻地震震源特性及钻头信号在钻杆与地层中的传播规律有了一定程度的认识，基本了解了钻头波场的空间传播特性和偏振特性；开展了三次野外观测试验，获得了大量的原始数据资料和观测经验，提出了一套适合随钻地震观测的仪器性能参数要求，为专用仪器的研发打下了基础。开展了随钻地震资料处理方法探索研究，初步建立了一套处理流程和方法，提取到了有效信号。本研究着眼于发展一套有别于传统方法的新型随钻地震技术，核心是采用了高灵敏度三分量流动地震仪进行连续检测技术和三分量地震波分析技术，与传统方法相比，该技术检测能力强，现场操作和分析处理简便，易于推广应用。为今后进一步的研究打下了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Seismic while drilling (SWD) is a combination of exploration geophysics andpetroleum engineering. It takes the working drill-bit vibration as seismic source,acquiring the reflected wave propagating through the formation. It is useful toevaluate the formation ahead of the drill-bit, predict abnormal pressure and formationinterface, and reduce the drilling risk.Based on the analysis of the development of SWD technique, we put forward anew SWD scenario, in which the highly sensitive and three-component portableseismometer is used to monitor the working drill-bit vibration signal continuously.The primary field tests show that it is feasible. We made the theoretical analysis andnumerical simulation on SWD source characteristics and seismic wave field, and theexploration research on the field observation technique and SWD data processing,obtained some basic understanding of the space and the polarization characteristics ofthe drill-bit wave field. A great deal of original test data has been collected. A set ofinstrument parameters was suggested for SWD new instrument development.According to the principle of the Winner filter, we built a deconvolution processingprocedure of the reference signal and got some frequency repair to the referencesignal. A set of processing procedure on the cross-correlation and the polarizationfilter was built to extract the effective signal from the multi-channel data.This research focuses on the development of the new SWD technique differentfrom the traditional methods, which introduces the highly sensitive and three-component portable seismometer to engineering and three-component data analysis.This new technique have strong detection ability and easy to use.更多还原