【作者】 黄梅；

【导师】 李峰；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 鸦片战争以降的晚清时期,是中国社会急速由古代向近代转型的过渡时期。随着社会矛盾与民族危机的不断加深,西学东渐的兴起,以救国救亡、改造社会为己任的中国资产阶级知识分子,开始用西方“天赋人权”的理论为武器,提出男女平等、兴办新式女子教育的主张,从而引发了中国女子教育的革命。创刊于1872年的《申报》,是站在社会前列的进步媒体,爱国救亡,倡新斥旧,对女子教育问题也极为关注,并为促进新式女子教育的健康发展积极建言献策。《申报》积极介绍西方女子教育发展情况,深刻揭露中国妇女所受之苦的根源,认为女子受教育是天经地义之事,是齐家、治国、平天下之本,提倡妇女解放,倡导兴办新式女学,主张按德、智、体全面发展的新教育宗旨和近代教育发展的进步方向,培养广大的不同与传统女学的新型妇女人才。在女学的具体管理上,主张不拘一格地聘用和培养女学师资,根据国情实际放宽女子入学的年限,有阶段、有步骤地实现男女同校同学。同时,《申报》还广泛刊布女学广告,积极宣传女学功绩,严厉批评保守思想与行为,努力为新式女学的兴起和发展扫清其时最障碍,开辟道路。作为晚清最富影响的大众传媒之一,《申报》为当时的社会有识之士提供了讨论女子教育问题的平台,发挥了大众传媒的特性——广泛迅速的传播,使更多的人了解和关注这一问题,为动员社会进步力量,最终使新式女子教育合法化、正规化,加快解决这一问题的历史进程,做出了重要的贡献。当然,由于历史的原因,《申报》在女子教育问题上所宣传的思想主张还带有一定的不彻底性,如过分强调女德,重视宣传女子的救亡义务,而忽视了女子应享有的民主权利等等,对妇女所受压迫束缚的阶级实质缺乏深刻的认识,对保守思想行径批判的力度有时也略显不足,反映了资产阶级改良派的软弱性和对封建教育观念的妥协。但是,与同时代其他大众传媒一样,《申报》愿肩负起时代赋予的为救国救亡向社会传播新思想、新事物的进步责任,在开启民智,宣传、倡办新式女子教育,推动妇女解放运动等方面所发挥的作用,是积极而重要的,应给予充分的肯定。更多还原

【Abstract】 After The Opium War, China enters into the last years of the Qing Dynasty which are the social transition from the ancient times to the modern ones rapidly. Along with the social contradiction and the national crisis unceasingly deepening, the introduction of western learning to the east starting, China Bourgeois intellectuals, who treat saving the nation and people, and transforming the whole society as their own duty, starts with the western“theory of natural rights”as a weapon to propose the equality of the sexes, and the new style -female education, which initiates the revolution on the Chinese female education.Shenbao established in 1872 is a progressive medium standing in the social front row. Its opinions–for the new, against the old, show the love to the nation and people, also pay a lot more attention to the female education issues. And it actively offers advice to promote the healthy development of the new -style female education. Shenbao introduces positively the development situation of the Western female education, exposes the root reasons why Chinese females suffer a lot. It thinks female education is justified and is the foundation of governing the family, the country and the world. It advocates the woman liberation and the new–style female education, and advises to cultivate the great woman talents different from the traditional ones according to new educational aims–developing overall morality, intelligence and physiques and the progressive directions of modern education. In the concrete management, it suggests hiring and cultivating the teachers of the woman students, postpones the age limits according to the national condition, and realizes coeducational schoolmates stage by stage. At the same time, Shenbao tries to clean the barriers and pave the way for the starting and development of the new-style female education. For example, it widely publishes the advertisements on female education, positively propagandizes the merits on female education, severely criticizes conservative thoughts and behaviors.As one of the most influential populace media, Shenbao provides the men with insight with the discussion platform on the female education issues at that time. It displays its characteristics as a populace medium—rapid widespread, making more people learn and attention this issue. In order to mobilize the socially progressive strength, realize the legalization and standardization of the new-style female education and speed up its historic course, it has made important contribution.Certainly, as a result of the historic reason, the thoughts on female education in Shenbao show some certain compromise. For example, it overemphasizes the female virtues and the duty of saving the nation, neglects the democracy rights which females should enjoy; it lacks the profound understanding to the oppressive class essence on women; it also slightly reveals the insufficiency of criticism to the conservative thoughts. All of these reflect the weakness of bourgeoisie reformists and the compromise to feudal education ideas. However, with the other populace media of the same generation, Shenbao is willing to undertake the progressive responsibility disseminating the new thoughts and ideas in order to save the nation and people at that certain time. And it should be given full affirmation in the aspect of inspiring people, promoting and initiating the new-style female education and impelling women’s liberation.更多还原