【作者】 杨玲；

【导师】 周青；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文采用文献法、问卷调查法和对照实验法等，研究探索了四个方面的问题：(1)化学教学中培养批判性思维倾向和技能的方法；(2)批判性思维倾向和批判性思维技能的关系；(3)批判性思维和创造性思维的关系；(4)着重研究了开放、综合多样的习题教学对学生批判性思维和创造性思维的影响；整个研究工作分为以下五个部分：1．培养学生批判性思维倾向的意义：培养学生的批判性思维倾向是批判性思维技能的前提；批判性思维倾向是创造性解决问题的前提；批判性思维倾向能够促进学生心理与个性发展；批判性思维倾向是健全人格的基本要素。培养学生批判性思维技能的意义，表现在：(1)批判性思维技能在信息社会具有独特地位和重要作用；(2)批判性思维技能是培养高素质创新人才的关键；(3)批判性思维技能有利于提高和发展学生适应未来社会的能力；(4)批判性思维技能有利于教育和社会经济发展；(5)批判性思维技能是素质教育的需要。2．批判性思维对化学学科的意义为：(1)培养批判性思维是化学学科性质的需要；(2)培养批判性思维是化学学科发展的需要。化学教学中培养批判性思维的意义：(1)培养批判性思维是化学课程基本理念的需要；(2)培养批判性思维是对建构主义学习理论和教学理论的积极回应；(3)培养批判性思维是基础教育课程改革的内在要求。3．化学教学中培养批判性思维倾向的方法：一方面可以基于化学史培养学生的批判性思维倾向；另一方面通过化学概念教学，培养学生的批判性思维倾向。化学教学中培养批判性思维技能的方法：(1)通过化学实验，培养学生的批判性思维技能；(2)通过SSI教学，培养学生的批判性思维技能；(3)通过自编习题，培养学生的批判性思维技能。美国PRENTICE HALL《CHEMISTRY》2005版化学教材，通过开放、综合、多样的批判性思维习题教学来培养学生的批判性思维。4．化学教学中培养批判性思维的实践研究：首先，通过前后两次问卷调查，分析了批判性思维和创造性思维的现状、关系及批判性思维倾向和批判性思维技能的关系；再者，通过对学生进行开放、综合、多样的习题教学，测试了培训前后学生批判性思维和创造性思维的变化。5．所得结论有：(1)高中学生批判性思维倾向总体处于中等偏上水平，批判性思维技能和创造性思维都处于较低水平；(2)批判性思维倾向和批判性思维技能之间存在一定的相关性；(3)批判性思维和创造性思维之间存在一定的相关性；(4)开放、综合、多样的习题教学，对学生批判性思维技能和创造性思维有一定的促进作用。所作的创新工作主要有：1．以实验方法研究了批判性思维倾向和批判性思维技能之间的关系；批判性思维与创造性思维的关系；2．测试了开放、综合、多样的化学习题教学对学生批判性思维和创造性思维的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cultivating critical thinking in senior high school chemistry teaching is studied by literature, questionnaire investigation and control experiment. Contents include: (1)The methods of cultivating critical thinking disposition and skill in chemistry teaching; (2)The relation of critical thinking disposition and skill; (3)The relation of critical thinking and creative thinking; (4)The influence of open, comprehensive and diversiform exercises teaching to students critical thinking and creative thinking. The whole study is composed of five parts:1. The significance of cultivating critical thinking disposition are: (1)Critical thinking disposition is the prerequisite of critical thinking skill. (2)Critical thinking disposition is the precondition of creative solving problem. (3)Critical thinking disposition can promote the development of students’ mentality and personality. (4)Critical thinking disposition is the essential factor of right personality. The significance of cultivating critical thinking skill are: (1)There are particular status and importance function of critical thinking skill in information society. (2)Critical thinking skill is the key of cultivating creative talent. (3)Critical thinking skill benefits enhancing students’ the adaptability to future society. (4)Critical thinking skill benefits the development of education and economy. (5)Quality education demands cultivating critical thinking skill.2. The significance of cultivating critical thinking to chemistry discipline development are that cultivating critical thinking is the need of chemistry discipline character and chemistry discipline development. The significance of cultivating critical thinking in chemistry teaching are: (1)Cultivating critical thinking is the need of chemistry discipline ideal; (2)Cultivating critical thinking is actively response to the learning and teaching theory of constructivism; (3)Cultivating critical thinking is the inherent need of elementary education reform.3. The methods of cultivating critical thinking disposition and skill in chemistry teaching are: First, chemistry history and chemistry concept were used to cultivate critical thinking disposition; Chemistry experiment, compiling exercise by oneself and SSI teaching were used to cultivate critical thinking skill. Critical thinking are cultivated by open, comprehensive and diversiform exercises in 2005 Prentice Hall Chemistry text hook. 4. The practice research of cultivating critical thinking in chemistry teaching, include: Analyzing the situation and relation of critical thinking and creative thinking. And analyzing the relation critical thinking disposition and skill; Then testing the reflection of open, comprehensive and diversiform exercise teaching to critical thinking and creative thinking.5. Conclusion:: Critical thinking disposition for the senior high school students is at a higher level, critical thinking skill and creative thinking is at a lower lever; (2)Certain relation lies in critical thinking and creative thinking; (3)Critical thinking disposition and critical thinking skill has certain relation; (4)Open, comprehensive and diversiform problem teaching are helpful for critical thinking skill and creative thinking.The innovative works include:1. The relation of critical thinking and creative thinking, the relation of critical thinking disposition and critical thinking skill are studied by experiment.2. The influence of open, comprehensive and diversiform problem teaching to critical thinking and creative thinking are studied by experiment.更多还原