【作者】 李雯；

【导师】 李国庆；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 文章首先从高校组织的基本理论问题出发，分析了高校内部权力产生、运行的组织环境。高等学校作为一个融培养人才、发展科学、为社会服务三大职能于一身的学术组织具有一些特殊性。从组织整体特征来看，高校组织是一个呈现出“有组织的无序状态”的“松散结合系统”，并且由于其内部不同的成员和权力形成了异质结构。从组织内部特征来看，高校组织内部控制呈现出明显的双重性，这不仅在结构上表现为行政事务的传统科层控制和学术事务的集体控制，而且在权力系统中体现为行政权力和学术权力并存。在对高校组织职能和特征进行分析的基础上，文章对权力进行定义，指出高校组织内部的权力主体主要是由教师、专职管理人员、校外人士和学生这四类人员构成。在高校权力体系中，主要的矛盾由两方面构成，一类是以教师个人和教师集体为主体的学术权力，一类是以学校行政管理人员为主体的行政权力。学术权力是学术人员所拥有的权力，它是基于教授或其他教师(包括学术研究人员)的知识、技能和学术权威之上的一种力量或影响力。高校行政权力是一种与职位相联系的制度化了的权力，它以国家法律、政府意志、社会要求、高校规章制度等为基础，利用强制手段形成影响和支配高校内部成员行为和组织运行的一种权力形式。高校组织职能和基本活动方式的特性决定了学术权力的合理性，其本身作为社会正式组织的特性决定了行政权力的合理性，两种权力在目标上具有同一性，在功能上能够互补，但两种权力本身所存在的局限性和价值取向以及运行方式上的巨大差别又导致了权力间的冲突，因此，学术权力和行政权力的协调与冲突构成了高校权力的百景图。文章在高等学校组织结构的框架内对权力结构模式进行了分析，指出高等学校是一个由单位和学科相结合组成的特殊组织，不同的组织结构具有不同的权力特征，组织结构和权力结构互相建构。高校组织内部存在着基本上由学校、学院和系构成的纵向维度的权力关系，存在着学术权力和行政权力等构成的横向维度的权力关系，这种纵向和横向的权力关系交织起来就构成了高校特殊复杂的权力结构。文章通过层次分析、利益分析和发展分析，介绍了以学术权力为主的欧洲大陆模式，以行政权力为主的美国模式，行政权力和学术权力均衡的英国模式。在比较西方高校权力结构模式的基础上，对我国高校权力结构进行横向构成和纵向层次的具体分析，指出我国高校内部权力结构在现实运行中形成的模式是“党委领导下，行政管理学术"的典型行政权力主导型。我国高校中高度集中的行政权力主导模式导致了高校组织内部权力失衡，党政权力在行使中存在交叉，行政权力泛化、学术权力弱化，权力分配在层次上集中偏上。文章认为，对权力进行制衡要从组织特点出发，优化权力结构，把握相应原则。对高校组织内部进行权力制衡包括权力系统间的制衡、权力层次间的制衡、利益群体间的制衡。权力系统间的制衡要保证高校内部政治、行政、学术权力系统都有自己严守的合法疆域，权力层次间的制衡要使学校成为“决策中心”，学院成为“管理中心”，系成为“质量中心”，利益群体间的制衡要通过不同利益群体共同参与学校决策、管理来实现。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper analyses organization environment and intramural power of higher education institutions from the basic theoretical issues. Higher education institutions have several particularities with three major functions which are personnel training, development of science and to social service as academic organizations. From the view of organization overall characteristics, higher education institutions present a loosely coupled systems with organized disorder, furthermore they shape a heterogeneity structure because of the composition of different members and power. From the view of organization internal characteristics, the organization control of higher education institutions present obvious dualism. It reflects the traditional hierarchical control of administrative affairs and collective control of academic affairs in the organization structure, and it also reflects coexistence of administrative power and academic power in the power system.The paper defines the concept of power based on analysis of higher education institutions. Their power subjects are built of instructors, managers, schoolfellows and students in the higher education institutions. The principal contradiction of power system in higher education institutions includes two aspects which are academic power and administrative power. Academic power is believed as influence based on the specialized knowledge, skill and academic authority which hold in the professors and other scholars. While the administrative power in higher education institutions is believed as institutionalized power based on the state laws, the will of government, need of society and regulations of universities and influences activities of the members and dominates the operation of the organizations by coercive means. The rationality of academic power is determined by the organization function and basic activities of higher education institutions, but the rationality of administrative power is determined by the characteristics as formal organizations. The power has homologous goals and its functions can complement each other. But inherent limitation and huge difference of values and operation mode between two powers bring on conflicts among all power. Therefore, the coordination and conflicts between academic power and administrative power constitute the complexities in higher education institutions.The paper analyses structure mode of power with framework of structure in higher education institutions and indicates that higher education institutions are special organizations which are composed of units and subjects. Different organizational structures have different power characters and structure of organization and power are constructed with each other. The longitudinal relation of power exists in schools, academies and departments, while the transverse relation of power composes of academic power and administrative power. This integration of two relations constitutes a complicated special power structure in higher education institutions. Through analysis of levels, benefits and development, this paper introduces European continent mode which gives priority to academic power, American mode which gives priority to administrative power and British mode which is balanced by academic power and administrative power. Based on contrast among them, the paper analyses power structure of Chinese higher education institutions using longitudinal way and transverse way, then it points out that Chinese power mode in higher education institutions is controlled typically by administrative power with administration managing academy in Party’s lead.Finally, the paper discuses centralized mode of administrative power in Chinese higher education institutions lead to that Administrative power and Party Committee power cross in exercising, administrative power is abused, academic power is weakened and power is centralized upwards. We have to make balance of power from the organizational characters and optimize its structure and obey correlative regulation. Then, the balance of power in institutions includes balance of each systems, levels and interest groups. The balance in different systems should ensure that systems of politics, administration and academy have limitation. The balance in different levels should make school as a decision-making center, academy as an administrative center and department as a quality center. The balance in different interest groups could be achieved by making decision and managing together.更多还原