【作者】 王娅娅；

【导师】 张有林；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 食品科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 花椒在我国分布广泛，其果实花椒籽产量大、含油量高，特别是富含多不饱和脂肪酸，但常作为废料被抛弃，开展花椒籽油的研究，对花椒籽综合利用具有重要意义。目前关于花椒籽油的研究报道较少，本文对花椒籽中的油脂进行了提取、分析测定及功能性评价，旨在为花椒籽油的开发利用提供理论依据。试验主要结果如下：1．韩城大红袍花椒籽含油率为23.43％。2．用水酶法提取花椒籽油，影响花椒籽油出油率的因素主次顺序依次为纤维素酶＞酶解pH＞酶解时间＞中性蛋白酶。提取最佳组合为纤维素酶添加量为0.4％、蛋白酶添加量为9％、酶解pH值5.0、酶解时间6h。3．通过GC／MS检测，花椒籽油中脂肪酸成分为a-亚麻酸50.94％、亚油酸25.50％、棕榈酸13.55％、棕榈油酸5.77％、油酸2.90％、硬脂酸1.34％等，不饱和脂肪酸高达85％以上，其中多不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的76.44％。理化测定结果表明花椒籽油的相对密度为0.918，折光率为1.4783，酸价15.6，皂化值194.3，碘价143.0，过氧化物值3.45meq／kg。4．把60只ICR雄性小鼠分为空白实验组、高脂模型组和三个试验剂量组，对其进行花椒籽油降血脂试验研究。结果表明：(1)中剂量组(0.10ml／10g·d)和高剂量组(0.15ml／10g·d)均有显著降低小白鼠血清总胆固醇的作用，高脂模型对照组血清总胆固醇与中剂量组差异显著(P＜0.05)，与高剂量组差异极显著(P＜0.01)。表明花椒籽油能有效降低高血脂小白鼠血清中的总胆固醇水平。(2)中剂量组和高剂量组降低小白鼠甘油三酯作用明显，二者的甘油三酯均与高脂模型对照组差异极显著(P＜0.01)。表明花椒籽油能有效降低高血脂小白鼠血清中甘油三酯的水平。(3)中剂量组、高剂量组均能显著增高小白鼠高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平，二者的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平与高脂模型对照组差异显著(P＜0.05)。表明花椒籽油能有效增高高血脂小白鼠血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。(4)中剂量组、高剂量组的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著低于高脂模型组，二者的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平与高脂模型对照组差异极显著(P＜0.01)。表明花椒籽油能降低小白鼠血清中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。(5)作为间接衡量低密度脂蛋白(LDL)颗粒大小指标的血浆致动脉硬化指数，各剂量组均低于高脂模型组，且与高脂模型组差异极显著(P＜0.01)。这一结论表明，LDL颗粒由小变大，由致密变疏松，导致LDL较高脂组不易被氧化或糖基化，使致动脉硬化的危险性降低。(6)三个剂量组小鼠动脉硬化指数显著低于高脂模型组，高脂模型对照组与低剂量组差异显著(P＜0.05)，与中剂量组、高剂量组差异极显著(P＜0.01)。表明花椒籽油能有效抑制小白鼠动脉硬化发生的危险性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The seeds of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim which was densely rooted in ourcountry are fruitful and rich in oilness especially Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, while lots ofthem were discarded, so it was significant that carry out a study on Zanthoxylum bungeanumMaxim. But little study on it was carried over at the present time. This research attempted tomake a systematic research on the seeds oil of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim and on itsfunction evaluation, which would pay a way to the exploration and production of the seeds ofZanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.1. The results showed that the contents of the seed oil in Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maximwas 23.43% by soxhlet extraction.2. The seeds powder of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim was treated by aqueousenzymatic method. Effect of several factors (cellulase, neutrase, pH, and treatment time) onaqueous enzymatic method processing was explored. Among the above factors, the quantityof the cellulase used was the most important one and the others in proper order as pH,treatment time and the quantity of neutrase. The optimum conditions of processing were asfollows: 0.4% of cellulase, 9% of neutrase, pH5.0, and treatment time 6h.3. The composition of fatty acids in the seeds oil of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim wasanalyzed by GC/MS. The oil consisted mainly of alpha linolenic acid 50.94%, linoleic acid25.50%, palmitic acid 13.55%, palmitoleic acid 5.77%, and oleic acid 2.90%, and stearic acid1.34%. The total amount of the unsaturated fatty acid was 85%. Results of physical andchemical index showed that specific gravity is 0.918, refractive index is 1.4783, acid value is15.6, saponification value is 194.3, iodine value is 143.0 and POV is 3.45meq/kg.4. The function evaluation on the fat acids in seed oil of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim,was made through pouring stomach for the high fat mice group. The subjects were 60 ICRmale rats and were divided into three dose group, a contrast group and a high fat rat modelgroup. These subjects were used to study the function of reducing blood grease of the high fatmice. (1) The results showed that the level of serum TC in high fat mice control group washigher than that of in dose group, compared with middle dose group P＜0.05 and with highdose group P＜0.01. This indicated that the lipids of seeds in Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maximcould reduce level of TC in the high fat mice.(2) The data showed that the level of the serum TG in high fat mice control group wasfar lower than that of in dose group, comparede with both middle and high dose group P＜0.01.This demonstrated that the lipids of seeds in Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim could reducethe level of TG in the high fat mice.(3) The level of the serum HDL-C in dose group was much lower than that of in high fatmice control group (compared with high and middle dose group P＜0.05). This displayed thatlipids of seeds in Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim could increase the level of HDL-C in highfat mice.(4) The level of the serum LDL-C in high fat mice control group was much higher thanthat in dose group, compared with high and middle dose group P＜0.01. This displayed thatlipids of seeds in Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim could reduce the level of LDL-C in highfat mice.(5) The index of AI which is indirect index scaled size of LDL in high fat mice controlgroup was higher than that of in dose group, compared with low dose group P＜0.05, with highand middle dose group P＜0.01. It was showed that lipids of seeds in Zanthoxylum bungeanumMaxim could make the size LDL large and loosened, and reduce fatalness of arteriosclerosis.(6) The index of AIP in high fat mice control group was much higher than that of in dosegroup, comparede with all the three dose groups P＜0.01. It was concluded that the seeds oilfrom Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim could prevent from rats’ arteriosclerosis effectively.更多还原