【作者】 王伟；

【导师】 张有林；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 农产品加工及贮藏工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 杏是夏季水果，它色泽艳丽，风味独特，营养丰富，而且具有良好的医药效能，深受人们的喜爱。但由于杏果采收正值高温季节，呼吸十分旺盛，采后消耗大量的营养物质和风味物质，致使果实后熟软化加快，极易腐烂变质，严重影响了杏果的贮藏期，制约了杏产业的发展。国内果农长期采用传统的冰窖贮藏、常温贮藏等方法贮藏杏果，一般贮量少，贮期短，贮后果实质量差，商品价值低，没有形成规模效益，难以满足市场需要。本文以串枝红杏果为材料，研究了减压、臭氧和气调贮藏对杏果实采后生理生化变化的影响，探讨了杏果贮期软化机理，为杏果实贮藏保鲜提供依据。本试验得到以下结果：1．杏果采用减压贮藏（盛水加湿）保鲜效果显著，在20.3 kPa下贮藏90 d，商品果率仍达80％，失重率仅为5.7％。2．杏属于呼吸跃变型果实，减压贮藏具有降低呼吸强度和推迟呼吸高峰的作用，在20.3～101.3 kPa之间，压力越低效果越显著。3．杏果贮期总酸含量呈现逐渐下降趋势，减压贮藏可减缓总酸含量下降，当压力降低到40.5 kPa时，再减压对总酸含量影响不大。杏果贮期还原糖含量呈现前期上升后期下降的趋势，减压贮藏能抑制贮藏后期还原糖含量下降，在20.3～101.3 kPa之间，压力越低效果越显著。4．杏果贮期PG活性先上升后下降，减压贮藏具有抑制PG活性的作用，以20.3 kPa处理效果为佳。杏果贮期水溶性果胶含量不断增加，减压贮藏可降低水溶性果胶含量，以20.3 kPa处理效果为好。杏果贮期硬度逐渐下降，减压贮藏能保持果实硬度，在20.3～101.3 kPa之间，压力越低效果越显著。5．杏果贮期LOX活性前期升高后期降低，减压贮藏具有抑制LOX活性的作用，以20.3 kPa处理效果为佳。杏果贮期MDA含量先增加后减少，减压贮藏可降低MDA含量，但压力降低到40.5 kPa以下，效果不显著。杏果贮期相对电导率表现为上升趋势，减压贮藏能保持细胞膜透性，在20.3～101.3 kPa之间，压力越低效果越显著。6．杏果采用浓度为150 mg·m^-3O₃，每5 d处理一次，每次处理30 min，贮藏90 d时，商品果率达66.7％，失重率为10.8％。7．臭氧处理具有降低杏果呼吸强度的作用，浓度低于150 mg·m^-3时，随浓度增加呼吸强度降低，当浓度高于200 mg·m^-3时，随浓度增加呼吸强度反而升高。8．臭氧处理不但可延缓杏果贮期总酸含量下降，而且还能减缓贮藏后期还原糖含量降低，以150 mg·m^-3O₃处理效果为佳。9．臭氧处理可抑制PG活性、降低水溶性果胶含量和保持果实硬度，以150mg·m^-3O₃处理效果为好。10．臭氧具有抑制LOX活性、降低MDA含量和保持细胞膜透性的作用，浓度越高作用效果越显著，但浓度大于200 mg·m^-3时效果并不理想。11．杏果采用2％O₂+10％CO₂+88％N₂气调贮藏，贮藏90 d时，商品果率为50％，失重率为11.8％。12．适宜气调贮藏可降低杏果贮期呼吸强度，以处理2（2％O₂+10％CO₂+88％N₂）效果为佳。13．适宜气调贮藏可延缓杏果贮期总酸含量下降，以处理1（2％O₂+2％CO₂+96％N₂）效果为好。适宜气调贮藏能减缓杏果贮藏后期还原糖含量下降，以处理2（2％O₂+10％CO₂+88％N₂）效果较为理想。14．适宜气调贮藏可抑制杏果贮期PG活性和保持果实硬度，以处理2（2％O₂+10％CO₂+88％N₂）效果为佳。适宜气调贮藏可延缓杏果贮期水溶性果胶含量上升，以处理1（2％O₂+2％CO₂+96％N₂）和处理2（2％O₂+10％CO₂+88％N₂）效果为好。15．适宜气调贮藏可抑制杏果贮期LOX活性和降低MDA含量，以处理2（2％O₂+10％CO₂+88％N₂）和处理7（10％O₂+10％CO₂+80％N₂）效果为佳。适宜气调贮藏还可延缓杏果贮期相对电导率上升，以处理2（2％O₂+10％CO₂+88％N₂）较为理想。更多还原

【Abstract】 Apricot is one of summer fruitages and favorable not only for itsflamboyant skin, unique flavor and abundant nutrition, but also for better officinal andfunctional values for the human being. It results in quick ripeness and softening, andsusceptible decay because of vigorous respiration and loss of nutrient and flavorsubstance of apricot fruits after harvest. It also influences storage period andproduction of apricot fruits. Domestic peasants adopt traditional methods such as icepit storage and room temperature storage to store apricot fruits over a long period oftime, but their storage quantity is small and storage time is short. Apricot fruits treatedwith these methods have poor quality after storage, they can’t meet with marketdemand and there is no benefit of scale.Effect of hypobaric storage, ozone storage and controlled atmosphere storage onphysiological and biochemical changes of ’Chuan zhi hong’ apricot fruits after harvestwas studied, and softening mechanism of apricot fruits during storage was discussed.The reference on fresh-keeping of apricot fruits is offered. The conclusions weresummarized as follows:1. Hypobaric storage （increasing humidity by filling water） had prominent effectson fresh-keeping of apricot fruits. The rate of commercial fruits was still up to 80%,and the rate of weight loss was only 5.7% when apricot fruits were stored at 20.3kPaafter 90 days.2. Apricot fruits were supposed to belong to the kind of fruits with climacteric.Hypobaric storage could reduce respiration rate and delay climacteric. Its effect wasmore remarkable when the pressure between 20.3kPa and 101.3kPa was lower.3. The total acid content of apricot fruits tended to fall off gradually during storage.Hypobaric storage could slow down degradation rate of the total acid content, but theeffect was not remarkable when the pressure dropped to lower than 40.5kPa. Thereducing sugar content of apricot fruits tended to rise first and then go down duringstorage. Hypobaric storage could slow down augment rate of the reducing sugarcontent of apricot fruits. Its effect was more remarkable when the pressure between20.3kPa and 101.3kPa was lower.4. The activity of polygalacturonase of apricot fruits rose first and then went down during storage. Hypobaric storage could inhibit the activity of polygalacturonase, andthe effect was most remarkable when the pressure was at 20.3kPa. The water-solublepectin content of apricot fruits went up gradually during storage. Hypobaric storagecould slow down augment rate of the water-soluble pectin content of apricot fruits,and the effect was most remarkable when the pressure was at 20.3kPa. The firmnessof apricot fruits fell off gradually during storage. Hypobaric storage could retainfirmness of apricot fruits, and its effect was more remarkable when the pressurebetween 20.3kPa and 101.3kPa was lower.5. The activity of lipoxygenase of apricot fruits rose first and then went downduring storage. Hypobaric storage could restrain the activity of lipoxygenase, and theeffect was most remarkable when the pressure was at 20.3kPa. The malondialdehydecontent of apricot fruits increased first and then decreased during storage. Hypobaricstorage could slow down degradation rate of the malondialdehyde content, but theeffect was not remarkable when the pressure dropped to lower than 40.5kPa. However,the relative conductivity of pulp tissue of apricot fruits went up all the time duringstorage. Hypobaric storage could slow down augment rate of the relative conductivity,and the effect was more remarkable when the pressure between 20.3kPa and 101.3kPawas lower.6. The rate of commercial fruits was up to 66.7% and the rate of weight loss was10.8% after 90 days when apricot fruits were dealt with 150 mg·m^-3 ozone, once every5 days and 30 minutes every time.7. Ozone treatment could reduce respiration rate of apricot fruits during storage.The respiration rate cut down along with the concentration increase when theconcentration of ozone was lower than 150 mg·m^-3. However, the respiration rateenhanced along with the concentration increase when the concentration of ozone washigher than 200 mg·m^-3.8. Ozone treatment could slow down degradation rate of the total acid content ofapricot fruits and reduce degradation rate of the reducing sugar content of apricotfruits. The effect was most remarkable when the concentration of ozone was 150mg·m^-3.9. Ozone treatment could inhibit the activity of polygalacturonase, reduce thewater-soluble pectin content and retain firmness of apricot fruits. The effect was mostremarkable when the concentration of ozone was 150 mg·m^-3. 10. Ozone treatment could restrain the activity of lipoxygenase, slow downdegradation rate of the malondialdehyde content and maintain osmosis of pericellularmembrane. The effect was not remarkable along with the concentration increase whenthe concentration of ozone was higher than 200 mg·m^-3.11. The rate of commercial fruits was up to 50% and the rate of weight loss was11.8% after 90 days when apricot fruits were stored under controlled atmosphere with2%O₂+10%CO₂+88%N₂.12. The suitable controlled atmosphere storage could reduce respiration rate ofapricot fruits during storage. The effect of treatment No.2 （2%O₂+10%CO₂+88%N₂）was most remarkable among all treatments.13. The suitable controlled atmosphere storage could slow down degradation rate ofthe total acid content of apricot fruits, and the effect of treatment No.1 （2%O₂+2%CO₂+96%N₂） was most remarkable among all treatments. The controlled atmospherestorage could reduce degradation rate of the reducing sugar content of apricot fruitsduring storage. The effect of treatment No.2（2%O₂+10%CO₂+88%N₂） was mostremarkable among all treatments.14. The suitable controlled atmosphere storage could inhibit the activity ofpolygalacturonase and retain firmness of apricot fruits, and the effect of treatmentNo.2（2%O₂+10%CO₂+88%N₂） was most remarkable among all treatments. Thesuitable controlled atmosphere storage could reduce augment rate of the water-solublepectin content, and the effect of treatment No.1（2%O₂+2%CO₂+96%N₂） andtreatment No.2 （2%O₂+10%CO₂+88%N₂） was most remarkable among all treatments.15. The suitable controlled atmosphere storage could restrain the activity oflipoxygenase and slow down degradation rate of the malondialdehyde content, and theeffect of treatment No.2 （2%O₂+10%CO₂+88%N₂） and No.7 （10%O₂+10%CO₂+80%N₂） was most remarkable among all treatments. The suitable controlled atmospherestorage could slow down augment rate of the relative conductivity, and the effect oftreatment No.2 （2%O₂+10%CO₂+88%N₂） was most remarkable among all treatments.更多还原