【作者】 郑国平；

【导师】 胡健；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 作为二十世纪九十年代西方语音学领域新出现的一个理论，优选论因其强大的阐释力而倍受关注。中外学者从不同的角度论证了该理论强大的阐释力，但将这一理论运用于汉语句法研究还为数不多。在优选论中，评估体系通过限制条件等级排列体系，对所有的侯选输出项同时进行评估，从中一次性选择出一个最优的优选输出项。最优是指最低限度违反或最大限度满足限制条件。OT认为，语言实际上是两种相互冲突的力量交互作用的结果。一种力量源于经济原则，这是由人类惰性所致，即人类力求以最低的付出获取最大限度的回报：另一种则源于辨义原则，这是信息总量要求所致，即要求人类尽可能清楚地把要传达的信息传递出去。这两种相互冲突的力量在OT中体现为两类相互冲突的限制条件：触发变化以使语言形式易于表达的标记性限制条件和阻止变化以使语言形式具有更多的区别性的真实性限制条件。文章讨论的语言现象是：在汉语中不仅受事成分可以作为宾语，方式、工具和地点成分也可以担当宾语，即动宾结构在汉语中作为优势结构出现。本文利用优选论对这一现象作出解释。汉语中的动宾结构是现代语言学的热点问题之一，但对该结构成为汉语优势结构的成因研究却很少。本文利用优选论对不同的动宾结构进行分析，包括受事宾语、工具宾语、地点宾语和方式宾语。本文还讨论了不同动宾结构下的普遍原则，包括句法原则、论元匹配原则、焦点原则和经济原则；并且将这些原则进行了层级性排列。研究证实了张云秋的研究结果，即汉语动宾结构限制条件的排列有两个，即“忠实性限制条件>标记性限制条件”和“标记性限制条件>忠实性限制条件”，这也正是动宾结构在汉语中作为优势结构使用的原因之一。此外，来自文学作品的例子确保了研究的真实性。本文共分成五个部分：第一章讨论了研究的起源、必要性及意义，在此基础上提出了本文的写作目的和文章结构。第二章主要是对汉语动宾结构研究的回顾，包括其定义、发展及分类。第三章阐述了优选论的研究，主要介绍了它的组成、限制条件和相关研究。第四章是本文的主体部分，在肯定优选论的前提下，找出制约汉语动宾结构语法输出形式的限制条件，在此基础上讨论了汉语动宾搭配作为优势结构的使用问题。最后一章是结语部分，重申了本文的论点，指出此研究的意义和存在的不足之处，以及未来的研究方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Optimality theory, a salient theory in western linguistic field, was brought forward by Prince and Smolensky in 1990s. This theory has attracted much attention both at home and abroad due to its forceful explanatory power. Scholars have proved its explanatory power from various angles, for instance, it has been applied to OT learning, OT morphology and computational aspects, but few of them apply this theory to syntax in Chinese. In OT, all possible output candidates are submitted to Evaluator which are generated by Generator. The optimal output is obtained by Evaluator, which simultaneously checks all the candidates of some input against a set of ranked universal constraints, and determines which output candidate minimally violates or best satisfies those constraints. OT considers that the most optimal surface form selected by the Evaluator according to two conflicting forces, MARKEDNESS constraints and FAITHFULNESS constraints. MARKEDNESS constraints trigger some type of change and make output forms match the requirements of well-formedness conditions of the language whereas FAITHFULNESS constraints militate against some type of change and require that output must be identical to their inputs.This thesis is devoted to seek the Optimality Theory account for the priority"V+ON"construct in Mandarin Chinese. The linguistic data dealt with in this thesis is the array of phenomena of Chinese that an action verb in Chinese can not only take a patient, but also an instrument, location or manner argument as object. Chinese"V+ON"construct, as a basic pattern has always been the focus of study of linguistics and received comprehensive analyses from many angles. However, few of them have bothered to study systematically the reasons why this kind of construct can be a priority structure. This thesis attempts to study various"V+ON"patterns in Mandarin Chinese in terms of Optimality Theory including patient object, instrument object, location object and manner object. The thesis also analyzes different properties and discusses four universal principles(including syntax rule, collocation rule, focus principle and economy principle) underlying the different"V+ON"construct and proposes a hierarchy of these principles governing their interactions. The thesis verifies Zhang Yunqiu’s research that there are two language-specific hierarchies of constraints responsible for the optimal process of Chinese"V+ON"construct. When it is verb plus a typical object, the hierarchy of constraints is"faithfulness>markedness"whereas when it is verb plus an atypical object the hierarchy of constraints is"markedness>faithfulness", which can explain why"V+ON"construct can be a priority structure in Chinese. In addition, the examples from literature works make sure that the point of view put forward by the author is authentic.This thesis is divided into five parts. Chapter One offers the origin of the study as well as necessity and significance of the study, thus showing the objectives and organization of the thesis. Chapter Two presents an overview of"V+ON"construct in Chinese, including its definition, development and classification. Chapter Three traces back the research of Optimality Theory and mainly elaborates on its components and constraints. Meanwhile, some other relevant studies are also introduced. Chapter Four is the part and parcel of this thesis, which tries to find interactive constraints responsible for the optimal processes of the output of Chinese"V+ON"construct and gives an OT explanation of this kind of priority construct in Chinese. Chapter Five is the conclusion which restates this thesis, points out the implications and the limitations of the study and makes suggestions for further study.更多还原