【作者】 杨玲；

【导师】 张德元；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 解决“三农”问题的出路主要在农业本身，即要不断提高农业劳动生产率。本文根据新制度经济学基本原理，通过对我国农村家庭承包经营现状的分析，认为要提高农业劳动生产率，必须在技术创新的同时，狠抓制度创新。而改造我国农业微观经济组织，就是制度创新的一项重要内容。只有建立起符合社会主义市场经济体制要求和目前生产力水平相适应的农业微观经济组织，才能发挥市场在优化农业资源配置方面的作用。适度规模的家庭经营是我国农业微观经济组织改造的目标模式。这既符合农业生产的特点，也符合市场经济的要求，更主要的是符合我国人多地少、农业生产力水平不高的现实国情，是一项成本低、阻力小的改革。农业合作组织能在一定程度上弥补小规模家庭经营的不足，但不能从根本上克服小规模家庭经营的缺陷，只能是家庭经营的补充。而且，较大规模的家庭经营之间的农业合作，因其契约具有更强的稳定性等优势，能够进一步节约交易成本，产生更多的合作剩余，从而提高合作效率。新的农业微观经济组织的形成是一个长期和主要是自然演化的过程，要以建立土地流转制度为核心，以农村社会保障制度为配套，全面改革户籍制度，加强农村教育，通过一系列新的制度安排，剥离农地的社会保障功能，促进土地、农村劳动力等农业生产要素在市场作用下优化配置，从而逐步形成适度规模的家庭经营——这一新型农业微观经济组织。更多还原

【Abstract】 The only way out from the "Three Problems of Farmer, Countryside and Agriculture" is in the agriculture itself, i. e. to persistently upgrade agricultural productivity. Based on the theory of New Institutional Economics and analysis on the current status of Rural Household Contract Responsibility System in China, the author of this thesis holds the opinion that system innovation is the utmost along with technological innovation, in the course of improving agricultural productivity. It is therefore an important thing in system innovation to remodel agricultural micro-economic organizations. Only when those rural micro-economic organizations that fit in with China’s market economy system and the current level of productivity, can the market be given full play in improving effective allocation of agricultural resources.A suitable scale of household management is the goal of remodeling agricultural micro-economic organizations in China. Such a suitable scale will be in line with the features of agricultural production in China, the requirement of market economy, and most importantly, national development situation featured huge population but land shortage and low productivity level in rural China. This is a cost-effective reform that will meet less resistance. The rural cooperative organizations can in a certain level help complement the weaknesses of small-scale household management, but it is not able to solve the deep-rooted problems since it is only a complement tool. If it is the kind of cooperation between LARGER household management bodies, such a similar agreement of cooperation will be quite stable and reliable, further saving transaction costs and generating more cooperation surplus which will jointly upgrade cooperation efficiency.The formation of new rural micro-economic organizations is a time-consuming and more notablly, natural process of evolvement. With the establishment of a sound land transferring system as the core, a good rural social security system as the supporting facility, we still need to completely reform the current Household Registration System, enhance education in the countryside, peel off the affiliated function of social security from the land by an arrangement of a variety of new systems, and promote improved allocation of agricultural production materials including the land and rurallaborers. As a result of those efforts, a suitable scale of household management can gradually be achieved and a brand new type of rural micro-economic organizations will come into existence.更多还原