【作者】 沈冰；

【导师】 岳琪；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 林业资源的日益匮乏已成为人类可持续发展的阻碍，缓解林业资源短缺危机已成为人类和自然和谐发展的主题。优化下料是一个在产品设计、制造和使用中如何节约原料、优化利用资源的问题，对优化下料问题的研究具有重要经济意义和社会效益。下料问题就是在给定的布局空间内，按最优化组合方式将待排零件按照一定的约束条件合理的安置在布局空间中，并使原料的利用率达到最高。它在计算理论上非常复杂，而在实际生产中却有着广泛的应用。随着智能优化算法理论和计算机技术的发展，为人们提供了用现代优化算法和计算机进行优化下料的可能性。本文研究的优化下料问题主要是板式家具生产中在矩形原料板上的大规模矩形件排样问题。板式家具的下料有其独特的加工工艺和约束条件。针对这些具体的特点，给出了大规模板式家具优化下料的数学模型，并设计了优化系统。家具下料是二维矩形零件在定长和定宽的原材料上的排料问题，应用下料系统首先输入原料和零件的尺寸等信息，然后调用矩形件的自动排料方法下料，并给出下料图，而且保证方案可行。将模拟退火算法应用到大规模板式家具下料中，并在应用过程中，对传统算法进行了改进。针对算法可能丢弃整个求解过程中的近似最优解的问题为算法加入了记忆功能。针对算法冷却进度表和邻域范围难以确定，进入局部最优后难以跳出的问题，设计了温度可控的冷却进度表，提出了搜索进入局部最优的判定函数和升温函数，使搜索进入局部最优后能及时升温，并从局部最优中跳出，保证了解的最优性。设计了初始温度、邻域结构和随机接受函数，提高了求解速度。并在算法结尾处加上了解的再次邻域搜索环节。研制了板式家具大规模矩形件优化下料系统，系统操作简便，节约原材料效果显著，实用性强。可以使板式家具企业降低成本，缩短排料时间，提高企业竞争力。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is an obstacle to human being developing because of the short in forestry material increasingly. Solved forestry material source problem has become a mainstream of develop harmoniously between human and nature in the world today. Cutting stock is concerned with how to saving material, optimize resources in product designing, manufacturing. The research on the problem has important economic meaning and social benefit. Cutting Stock problem is an optimization problem which is concerned with finding a good arrangement of multiple different-sized objects in a large containing region without overlapping to have a good solution. It is very complicated and difficult in computing theory, but it has got the extensive application in the actual manufacture. With the development of intelligent optimize algorithm theory and computer technology, it offers the possibility to people to solve the problem with modern optimal algorithm and computer. In this paper, the cutting stock problem was consisted of packing rectangular items onto a rectangular raw material in the fibre furniture manufacture.Considered of the concrete characteristics of the cutting stock problem in the fibre furniture, it combined the craft and restraint condition in the fibre furniture, it gave the definition, characteristics and nature of cutting stock in rectangle parts on the rectangle raw material board, and had put forward the restrained of craft and items’ scale modes of the fibre furniture, the mathematics model was given. The fibre furniture cutting stock problem of twodimensional rectangular figures in the material that we used is a defined size one. This system called input data first, and then gives the cutting patterns.It made the whole solutions feasible while the cutting patterns were generated.The paper presented the process and fundament of simple Simulated Annealing (SA), SA is a new random grabble. It was put forward to sovle large dimension combinational problem. Put it in the fibre furniture cutting phase, and in the course of applying, the paper improved the algorithm; the algorithm may abandon the similar optimum solution in the entire process, so added the memory function for the algorithm. To the question of the difficulty in determining the proper cooling schedule and choosing a proper neighborhood in simulated annealing algorithm, and also the difficulty of escaping from the local optimal solution, the paper designed a temperature controlled cooling schedule, local optimum judging function and temperature raising function was given, it raised temperature in time after the search entered the local optimal solution, and it could make searching escape from the local optimal solution, ensured the final solution to be the optimal. It designed initial temperature, neighborhood structure and random acceptive function; the paper improved the speed of solving process; and adding an again neighborhood searching in the end of algorithm. This paper developed the fibre furniture manufacture’s large scale rectangular cutting stock system, it was extremely simple and convenient to operate, it was remarkable to economize the raw materials, and it was practicability. It can raise the utilizing rate of board and can shorten the designing time. At the same time, it can greatly improve the competence of the company.更多还原