【作者】 康万里；

【导师】 李佩珍；

【作者基本信息】 山西医科大学 ， 流行病与卫生统计学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:结核病是一种常见的危害严重的传染病,在我国存在不同程度的流行。本课题应用空间分析方法研究中国结核病的空间分布特征和空间积聚性,并探索中国结核病与社会经济的关系,为结核病的防治提供更为科学的依据。方法:收集全国结核病流行病学调查资料,建立相关数据库,在Arcview3.2/SAS8.0/SPSS11.5软件的支持下,与建立的数据库相联,并进行空间分析;对活动性肺结核患病率、肺结核死亡率和社会经济因素进行相关分析。结果:(1)绘制中国结核病空间分布的等值线图和曲面图;构建4阶趋势面模型可较好的描述我国活动性肺结核患病率和肺结核死亡率的空间分布特征。(2)绘制中国结核病空间分布的电子地图,通过全局空间相关分析尚未发现活动性肺结核患病率(Z=0.7775,P＞0.05)和肺结核死亡率(Z=1.5976,P＞0.05)存在空间积聚性;通过局域空间相关分析发现活动性肺结核患病率在西藏周边地区存在高发的“热点”区域(Z=2.2603,P＜0.05),在上海周边地区存在低发的“冷点”区域(Z=1.9642,P＜0.05);尚未发现肺结核死亡率存在“热点”和“冷点”区域(P＞0.05)。(3)选取两个主成分作为我国结核病发生的综合指标;聚类分析谱系图显示我国结核病的发生可分为3个主要空间分布区域,并在电子地图中表示出来;制作对应分析图研究中国结核病发生的空间积聚性。(4)中国活动性肺结核病患病率与社会经济因素有关r=-0.383(P=0.040),尚未发现肺结核死亡率与社会经济因素存在明显的相关r=-0.318(P=0.093)。结论:全局空间相关分析显示尚未发现我国活动性肺结核患病率和肺结核死亡率存在空间积聚性;我国结核病的发生可分为3个主要空间分布区域,不同区域内的结核病防治应采取相应的对策;活动性肺结核患病率与社会经济有关。目的:120急救系统在急救事件处理中发挥着重要作用,本课题将地理信息系统应用于120急救系统,为山西省建立基于地理信息系统的120急救系统提供科学方法指导。方法:以山西省太原市城区1∶10,000地图为背景,在Arcview3.2软件中建立行政边界图层,在地图上标出研究区域内的急救站和有急诊资格的医院。进行太原市城区120急救站的服务现状和最近急救站车辆调度、最优医院选择的研究。结果:以Arcview3.2为操作平台,以图示化分析说明山西省太原市城区120急救站的服务区现状;应用地理信息系统空间网络分析进行调度车辆路线规划,这种方法能考虑实际路网情形,将路线规划结果呈现在地理信息系统的道路网图上,以准确的道路路线图表示出规划的结果。结论:将地理信息系统分析技术应用于120急救系统,采用查询定位技术、图层合并技术、最短路径方法等技术可以提高应急调度的自动化和快速化,地理信息系统在120急救系统中发挥着重要作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objectives:Tuberculosis is a familiar infectious disease that has done a lot of harm to human being.It spreads extensively and severely in some areas in China.This study was mainly designed to use spatial analysis methods to analyze the distribution of tuberculosis and explore its relationship with socioeconomic factors.This study was in order to provide scientific basis for prevention and cure for tuberculosis.Methods:Relevant databases were set up after collection of data from National Sampling Survys on tuberculosis in China.Spatial analysis was undertaken after the databases linked to the software which was supported by Arcview3.2/SAS8.0/SPSS11.5.Correlation analysis was performed to understand the relationship between the prevalence rate of active pulmonary tuberculosis,the mortality rate of the pulmonary tuberculosis and socioeconomic factors.Results:(1)Contour plot and kyrtograph were made to analyze the spatial distribution of tuberculosis.The 4-order trend-surface equation could describe the distribution of pulmonary tuberculosis in China.(2)Electronic maps were made to analyze the spatial distribution of tuberculosis.According to the Moran’sⅠanalysis,there were not significant spatial clustering of the prevalence rate of active pulmonary tuberculosis(Z=0.775,P＞0.05)and the mortality rate of the pulmonary tuberculosis(Z=1.5976,P＞0.05)in China.LISA analysis indicated there were a "hot spot" around Xizang(Z=2.2603,P＜0.05)and a "cold spot" around Shanghai(Z=1.9642,P＜0.05), there were not "hot spot" and "cold spot" in the mortality rate of the pulmonary tuberculosis.(3)Two principle components were extracted to indicate the comprehensive assessment of the tuberculosis in China.According to clustering analysis,three spatial distribution regions were developed and the electronic map was made to estimate the spatial distribution of the tuberculosis in China.Correspondence analysis plot was made to analyze the spatial clustering of tuberculosis.(4)The correlation between the prevalence rate of active pulmonary tuberculosis and social economy was significant r=-0.383(P=0.040).There was not significant correlation between the mortality rate of pulmonary tuberculosis and social economy r=-0.318(P=0.093). Conclusions:There were not significant spatial clustering of the prevalence rate of active pulmonary tuberculosis and the mortality rate of the pulmonary tuberculosis by Morans’Ⅰanalysis.Three spatial distribution regions were developed in tuberculosis.The relevant strategy for tuberculosis control in different spatial regions should be performed.The correlation between the prevalence rate of active pulmonary tuberculosis and social economy was significant. Objectives:The 120 emergency systems played an important role in the emergency events. This study applied GIS in the 120 emergency systems in order to implement methods for building the 120 emergency systems based on GIS in Shanxi Province.Methods:Administration boundary layer was established under the background of 1:10,000 map of Taiyuan in the Arcview3.2 software.The emergency stations and the hospitals were positioned on the map.The service area of the 120 emergency systems and the least-cost path were analyzed by GIS technologies.Results:The service area of the 120 emergency systems in Taiyuan,Shanxi Province was displayed by map based on Arcview3.2.A new method was established for the 120 emergency systems by considering actual carrying cost between distribution sites and utilizing network analysis function of GIS.This method could display routing results on road network chart in GIS according to actual condition of road network.Conclusion:The paper was how GIS technologies were used in the 120 emergency systems. It could enhance the automatization and speed of the 120 emergency systems by search -orientation technology,map-layers incorporation technology and the least-cost path technology. So GIS played an important role in the 120 emergency systems.更多还原