【作者】 高雯芳；

【导师】 刘强；

【作者基本信息】 天津师范大学 ， 动物学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文采用有机溶剂冷浸法和水煮法从我国特有植物四合木（Tetreanamongolica Maxim．）中提取各种粗提物，并将它们配制成不同浓度药液，测定其对多种蔬菜害虫、植物病原菌和松材线虫的生物活性，主要结果如下：1．用不同浓度的四合木的水煮膏和有机溶剂提取物药液，对松材线虫进行浸泡法毒杀活性测定。结果表明，浓度为10 g·L^-1水煮膏药液处理松材线虫24—72 h，校正死亡率均为100％；10 g·L^-1甲醇提取物药液处理松材线虫72 h，校正死亡率达95.00％；同样浓度的丙酮、石油醚和乙酸乙酯提取物药液的杀线虫活性均较低，处理24—72 h的校正死亡率均低于40％。进一步测得，在处理24 h后，水煮膏和甲醇提取物对松材线虫的LC₅₀分别为1.18 g·L^-1和2.43 g·L^-1。说明四合木粗提物中含有较强的杀线虫活性物质，水煮膏的杀线虫活性最强，甲醇提取物次之。2．采用生长速率法测定了四合木5种有机溶剂（石油醚，丙酮，乙酸乙酯，无水甲醇，二氯甲烷）提取物和水煮膏对22种植物病原真菌的生物活性。结果表明：四合木在100 g·L^-1浓度下对植物病菌菌丝生长的影响情况十分复杂。对少数个别病菌的生长表现出较强的抑制作用，对一些病菌抑制作用较弱，对另一些的生长则几乎没有影响，而对一些还表现出一定甚至很强的促进生长的作用。3．丙酮提取物对菜粉蝶（Pieris rapae L）有产卵忌避作用；水煮膏、丙酮和甲醇提取物对小菜蛾（Plutella xylostella）有产卵忌避作用。水煮膏和丙酮提取物对小菜蛾有一定的拒食作用。4．四合木是我国特有植物，已知具有科学研究、防风固沙、观赏等较高的价值。进一步对四合木科学价值和应用价值的研究，更加有利于对其保护与可持续利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper some kinds of crude extracts were produced in the way of cold-soaked process and Chinese traditional water-decoctum from Tetraena mongolica endemic to China. Different concentrations of these extracts were made to examine their bioactivities on many kinds of vegetable insect pests, plant pathogens and pine wood nematode. The results are as follows:1. Different concentration of extracts of Tetraena monogolica were selected for bioassay of action on Bursaphelenchus xylophilus（Bx） by the method of immersion. The results showed that, when concentration of the water extract was 10g·L^-1, the mortality rate of Bx was 100％in 24～72 hours; when concentration of the carbinol extract was 10g·L^-1, its corrected percent mortality was 95％in 72 hours. The nematicidal activities of acetone, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate extracts were weaker, with the same concentration, the mortality rates of Bx were less than 40％in 24～72 hours. The values of LC₅₀ water and carbinol were 1.18g·L^-1 and 2.43g·L^-1 against Bx after 24 hours, respectively. It indicated that the extracts of Tetraena monogolica contain some nematicidal thing, the water extract had strong nematicidal activity against Bx, and the activity of carbinol extract is second.2. The bioactivities of 6 kinds of extracts from Tetraena monogolica on 22 plant pathogenic fungi were examined in laboratory. Resaults showed that, when the mass-concentration of Tetraena mongolica Maxim extracts was 100g·L^-1, different extracts had complicated effect on different fungi tested. Some extracts had strong fungistasis effect on some species of fungi, some had a little fungistasis effect on some species, some had no effect on some species, while some had promotional effect on some species.3. The acetone extract had oviposition deterrent effects on Pieris rapae L. The acetone, water-decoctum extracts had effects of inhibiting oviposition on Plutella xylostella. The water-decoctum and acetone extracts also showed some antifeedant effects on Plutella xylostella.4. Tetraena mongolica, endemic to China, has important value of scientic research, controlling wind, fixing shifting sands, ornament and protection. Enhancing the study of its value and sustainable utilization is beneficial to the protection of it.更多还原