论当代中国现代化进程中的主体性构建

【作者】 卞桂平；

【导师】 郝贵生；

【作者基本信息】 天津师范大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 马克思立足于实践，通过对主体性的历史和现实考察，认为人的主体性是人作为活动主体的质的规定性，是在与客体相互作用中得到发展的人的自觉能动性和创造性的特性。主体性的最低表现形态是：主体人作为自在的存在，独立自主地从事实践活动；主体性的一般表现形态是：人在自由自觉的实践活动中表现出来的能动性；主体性的最高表现形态是：人在自由自觉的实践活动中表现出来的创造性。从根本上说，人的主体性具有以下几个方面的特点：自为性、自主性、自觉性、主动性、创造性及自由性。其本质是能动性与受动性的统一，核心在于主体的能动创造性。从主体性的生成与实现机制来考察，主体需要是人的主体性生成——实现的动力环节，主体的价值观是人的主体性生成——实现的导向环节，主体能力是人的主体性生成——实现的保障环节。正是三者之间的有机结合，才引发、促成了现实的认识和实践活动的产生和完成，主体的能动性也由此实现了从意识形态到现实形态的转换，从而使人的主体性得以生成和实现。建国50年来，尤其是改革开放20多年来，我国在政治、经济以及文化等方面都取得了举世瞩目的成就，社会生产力迅速发展，人们生活水平不断提高，主体性得到极大张扬。与此同时，在社会主义现代化进程中，政治、经济、文化以及教育等方面存在许多不足，严重影响了人们主体性的发挥。一方面，人们的依附性意识、保守性意识很浓厚，权力意识以及社会责任感意识不强。另一方面，片面夸大人的主体性，催生了个人主义、拜金主义以及享乐主义等不良现象，也在一定程度上导致了人与自然关系恶化、人与社会关系异化以及人与自身关系的二重化，人们在永无止境的物质利益追逐中丧失了主体性。人的现代化是构成社会进步的动力和发展的最终目的。社会的现代化需要人的现代化，需要人的主体性得到充分发挥。当前，我们要把唤醒人的主体意识、培养人的主体能力以及塑造人的健全人格作为目标，在对人的塑造中实现三个方面的转变：由机械人向自由人的转变；由传统人向现代人的转变；由片面人向全面人的转变。在不断完善自我本质的过程中，逐步走向更高的发展水平。具体而言，第一，要不断提升主体自身素质；第二、要不断加强制度建设；第三，实施主体性教育；第四，构建和谐社会，实现人的全面发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Basing on the practice, with the inspection on the history and thereality of the human andsubjectivity, Marx thought that the human and subjectivity was a kind of theactive main bodyessence stipulation, a kind of person’s aware activity and the creative characteristic which obtainsthe development from the affecting with the object. Its the lowest performance shape is the mainbody person independently is engaged in practice with the comfortable existence;Its generalperformance shape is: the person activity which displays in free aware practice; Its the highestperformance shape is: The person creativity which displays in free aware practice. Fundamentally,the human and subjectivity has the following several characteristic: the independency,self-consciousness, the initiative, the creativity and the freedom. Its essence is the unificationbetween the activity and the passive, the core lies in the moveable creativity, Inspect from the mainbody production and the realization mechanism, the main body need is the power link of itsproduction-realization, the main body value is the guidance link of its production - realization, themain body ability is the safeguard link of its production- realization.It is the organic synthesisbetween the three, only then initiating, facilitating the production and completing of the realityunderstanding and the practice, the main body s activity can realize the transformation from theideology to the realistic shape, thus enabling the human andsubjectivity to the produce andrealizationFounding the nation of People’s Republic of China for 50 years, especially in particular eformand open policy 20 for many years, our country has obtained the achievement which the gazefocuses attention on on politics ,economy as well as culture, t and the social productive forces hasrapid developmented, the people living standard has unceasingly enhanced, The people have fullydisplayed the human and subjectivity At the same time, in the socialismmodernization dvancement,there are many insufficiencies on politics,economy, culture as well as education, they has seriouslyaffected the human and subjectivity, On the one hand, people’s-attachment consciousness,conservative consciousness is very thick, authority consciousness aswell as socialsense ofresponsibility consciousness is not strong. On the other hand, exaggerating the human andsubjectivity one-sidedly has expedited undesirable tendency on individualism, mammonism as wellashedonism, also has caused the certain degree worsen between the person and the nature, theperson and the society relates, the person with own relations, the people has lose the human andsubjectivity for pursueing material interesthave without limit in foreverHuman’s modernization constitutes the main body power and the development final goal whichthe society progresses. Society’smodernization needs person’s modernization, needs person displaythe human and subjectivity fully. Presently, we must awaken person’s mainbody consciousness,raise person’s main body ability as well as mold person’s perfect personality, and realize threeaspects transformations: from mechanical man to freeman; from traditional person to modernpeople’s; from one-sided person to comprehensive person, unceasingly consummating self- essential,gradually trendding the higher level of development. Specifically, firstly, we must unceasinglypromote the main body own quality, secondly, must unceasingly strengthen the system construction,thirdly, implementing the main body education, the fourth, we must construct the harmonioussociety, realize person’s full scale development更多还原