【作者】 房世峰；

【导师】 刘志辉；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 自然地理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文基于“3S”技术建立了包括基于能量平衡的栅格融雪模型、基于水量平衡的栅格产流模型以及分布式栅格汇流模型，从而形成了一个完整的，物理概念明确的，能应用于实际业务的分布式融雪径流模型，并在典型流域进行了应用和验证。我们基于较高分辨率DEM的流域信息提取研究，得到了流域的分布式坡度坡向信息、流向和水系等相关参数信息，为模型的分布式输入奠定了基础。根据需要对现今广泛应用的“度日法”融雪模型进行了较大的调整，得到了“度分融雪模型”，经过实际数据的验证，计算结果具有较高的精度，这样一来，对于融雪洪水预警决策支持系统的计算时间步长就可以随意调整了，可以用于实时计算和预报，并结合实际融雪过程，在模型中提出了“冻融系数”这一重要概念，对于准确把握融雪过程的物理机制具有重要意义。模型的产流以及汇流计算都基于DEM以及下垫面的时空差异性，进行逐个栅格产汇流演算，所有计算过程的参数都是具有物理机制和意义的分布式输入参数，其中引入了“栅格下渗系数”和“夏季地表增益植被指数”等概念。基于分布式融雪径流模拟系统针对典型研究区(新疆昌吉州呼图壁县军塘湖流域)进行了完整的演算和参数调整，模型模拟流量的平均相对误差在18％以下。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper established a model based on the "3S" technology, including the grid snowmelt model based on the energy balance, the grid flow model based on the water volume balance as well as the distributed grid runoff model, thus has formed a completely, with explicit physical conception, distributed snowmelt runoff model which Could apply to the actual service, and has carried it on the application and the confirmation in the typical basin. We had extracted basin information based on the highly resolution DEM, obtained distributed slope and gradient information of the basin, also got the river system and so on the related parameter information, has laid the foundation for the model’s distributed input.According to our demands, had carried on a bigger adjustment of the "Degree-Day Model" which has widespread application nowadays, obtained the "Degree-Minute Snowmelt Model", with the actual data confirmation, the computed result has a higher precision, then the computing time stride of the snowmelt flood precaution decision support system could adjust at will, was allowed to use in the real-time computation and the forecast, and the union actual snowmelt process, in the model proposed an important concept called "Freezing-Thawing Coefficient", had the vital significance for the accurate assurance of the snowmelt process and its physical mechanism. Both the flow and the runoff computation of this model all based on DEM as well as the space and time differences of the ground surface, produced the runoff calculation one by one grid, all computations process parameters all have their physical mechanism and the significance distributed input parameters, by the way, introduced the important concepts such as "Pixel Infiltration Coefficient" and "Summer Ground Gain Vegetation Index". It’s also carried on the integrity calculation and the parameters adjustment based on the Distributional Snowmelt Runoff Simulation System, with the typical study area, Juntanghu Basin, located in Hutubi County in Changji State, Xinjiang, China, the average relative error of the simulation result is below 18％.更多还原