【作者】 姜红；

【导师】 刘志辉；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 自然地理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 自然陆面区域蒸散发的空间计算是一个复杂的问题。本文以新疆奇台县为例，基于DEM和遥感影像(MODIS影像)，将ARCGIS与遥感软件(ENVI)相结合，把地形、纬度、高程等影响因素考虑进去，再根据能量平衡原理生成符合实际的蒸散发量的区域分布图。为新疆奇台县的农业、土地利用、气候区划提供较为准确的蒸散发量分布的空间数据。估算区域蒸散发量的过程中，得到许多有意义的量：地表特征参数(植被指数NDVI、地表反射率、地表温度)；地表辐射平衡的各个分量(地表短波吸收辐射、地表长波辐射、大气逆辐射、地表净辐射)；地表能量平衡的各个分量(土壤热通量、显热通量、潜热通量)，并得出其各个分量的分布图，分类别讨论了其分布特征，使得奇台区域地表特征、地表辐射和能量平衡区域分布有一个直观、综合的了解和认识。通过分析蒸散发量的分布图，可以清楚地发现：蒸散发量的分布呈现明显的地带性。蒸散发量的高值区的分布在研究区东北部和南部的植被覆盖度较高的山区、有灌溉的农业区、荒漠及戈壁中人为保护的植被区；蒸散发量的低值区的分布在荒漠和戈壁裸地区这些区域各个分量的分布特征与其周围地域明显不同。研究分析还发现，植被的覆盖对下垫面的水热性状影响很大。在没有实测的蒸散发资料的情况下，本研究采用被公认和广泛使用的国际粮农组织推广使用的FAO-PM方法计算日蒸散发量，以此作为对照(?)行结果检验。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is a very complicated problem to estimate the evapotranspiration of large area. In order to make the regional distribution map of evapotranspiration, this article takes Qitai as an example, based on DEM and remote sensing image (MODIS), combining ARCGIS with remote sensing software (ENVI), meanwhile, considers influent factors, such as terrain, latitude and elevation to carry on the comparatively accurate space inserting value. This article offers the comparatively accurate space data of evapotranspiration for the agriculture, land utilization, climatic divide of Qitai County.In the process of estimating the area evapotranspiration, we can get a lot of meaningful components, these components have the following aspects: Characteristic parameter of earth’s surface (NDVI, surface albedo, surface temperature); the earth’s surface radiation balances (surface shortwave radiation, surface longwave radiation, atmospheric longwave radiation, surface net radiation); The earth’s surface energy balance (soil thermal flux, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux). At the same time, it draws the distribution map of its each components and discusses these distribution maps, these make people have an ocular and comprehensive understanding about regional surface characteristic, surface radiation and energy balance of Qitai county.By analysing the distribution maps of evapotranspiration, we can get following conclusions as follows: The distribution of evapotranspiration has clear zonality. The high value zone of evapotranspiration is mainly in the Northeast and the south of hilly region in studying area where has higher Vegetation Coverage, Irrigation areas of farming region, the artificial Vegetation protection area of desert and Gobi; The low value zone of evapotranspiration is mainly in desert and Gobi, the distributive characteristics of these components in the areas differ from arounding region. This research still finds the vegetation coverage has a large influence on the evapotranspiration of underlaying surface.In a situation that there has no test evapotranspiration (ET) data, in this paper, we use the result that calculated by FAO-PM equation as comparison.更多还原