【作者】 张芳；

【导师】 陈景堂； 赵久然；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究利用DUS测试指南的43个形态性状和20对SSR标记对14份玉米杂交种278株进行了一致性研究，探讨SSR标记判定玉米一致性的合理标准，同时研究了利用DNA快速提取技术提取的玉米不同部位和取样时期的DNA在变性聚丙烯酰胺和毛细管电泳的适用情况，为SSR标记在品种鉴定中的普及和推广打下坚实的基础。实验结果如下：1、快速煮沸法提取的胚、胚乳、1d的幼叶、1～3d的胚芽鞘、1～2d的不定根、1～3d的水培初生根和次生根DNA质量好，适合变性聚丙烯酰胺和毛细管电泳的大规模检测，其中胚乳、1d的幼叶、1～3d的胚芽鞘、1～2d的不定根、1～3d的水培初生根和次生根适用于样品提前检测但不影响植株的正常生长。2、同一染色体上的引物遗传距离越小，检测结果的相关性越高；基因间引物的多态性高于基因内引物，短重复序列引物的多态性高于长重复序列引物。3、通过对14个品种278个株的形态差异值和分子差异值的散点图分析，得出形态差异值≥2为异型株；由形态一致性比率和分子一致性比率的相关性系数为0.98，相关极显著，确定分子差异值≥2作为判定异型株的标准。4、共同异型株占形态异型株和分子异型株的比率分别为0.83、0.81，形态标准株比率和分子标准株比率的相关系数为0.60，相关显著，共同标准株占形态标准株和分子标准株的比率分别是0.65、0.83，因此分子标记和形态性状不是一一对应的，分子标记的鉴别能力高于形态性状。5、基于以上结论，认为使用DNA指纹方法鉴别玉米品种一致性，5级划分指标更为合理。更多还原

【Abstract】 43 morphological characters in maize DUS test and 20 primers studied uniformity of 14 maize hybrids 278 plants, which was for the purpose of reasonable uniformity standards of maize variety identified by SSR marker. Maize DNA of different tissues and Sampling time extracting by DNA quick technique was tested by polyacrylamide and capillary gel electrophoresis, which lay foundation for the prevalence and extent of SSR marker in maize variety identification. The major result were as follows:1. DNA quality of embryo, endosperm, 1d spire, 1～3d coleoptiles, 1～2d adventitious Roots, 1～3d primary and secondary root cultivated in water is good, which fits for testing by polyacrylamide and capillary gel electrophoresis in big scale. Among these materials, endosperm, 1d spire, 1～3d coleoptile, 1～2d adventitious Roots, 1～3d primary and secondary root cultivated in water can be identified in advance, then grow normally.2. The smaller genetic distance of primers on the same chromosome, the higher correlation in the uniformity result, the Polymorphism of primers among genes is higher than primers inside gene, the Polymorphism of primers of short repeat sequence is higher than primers of long repeat sequence.3. Scatter diagram of the morphological differential value and molecular differential value shows plants molecular differential value≥2 are heterotipe. The correlation coefficient of the morpha uniformity ratio and molecule uniformity ratio is 0.98, extreme correlation. So the heterotipe criterion of the molecular differential value≥2 is made.4. The ratio of the common heterotipe in the morphological heterotipe and molecular heterotipe is 0.83 and 0.81 respectively. The correlation coefficient of the morphological standard plant ratio and molecular standard plant ratio is 0.60, significant correlation, and the ratio of the common standard plant in the morphological standard plant and molecular standard plant is 0.65 and 0.83 respectively. So the molecular marker and morphological character is not one to one correspondence, and the differentiating ability of molecular marker is higher than morphological character.5. Based on the above conclusions, using DNA fingerprint method in maize variety uniformity identification, five grade partitioning standard is reasonable.更多还原