【作者】 谢春平；

【导师】 王贤荣；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 植物学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 野生早樱(Cerasus subhirtella var. ascendens)分布于我国长江流域以南地区,主产区为四川、湖北、福建、安徽、江西、江苏、浙江等省。由于其地理分布广泛,生境复杂,不同居群的野生早樱其外部形态出现了较大的差异。本文在系统回顾樱属植物分类学研究的基础上,重点对野生早樱的分类学研究和植物居群变异的研究历史进行了概括。通过野外调查和对标本的查阅,结合数量分类学手段,对野生早樱居群变异情况进行了详细的研究,并就其群落学特征进行了分析。经过研究分析,文章最后获得以下结论:1)系统回顾樱属植物在分类学、形态学、分子生物学、地理分布、群落生态学、繁殖生物学等方面的研究进展,并对中国野生樱花类资源开发利用存在的问题提出了相应的建议。其次,就居群在植物分类学研究中的重要性进行了阐明,并提出了结合数学统计手段进行定性定量的数量分类学研究。2)通过对福建武夷山和江苏宝华山两地野生早樱居群的研究发现,在两地分布区内居群间的变异普遍存在,而生境条件的不同是其变异最主要影响的因子;研究发现,各地居群间的变异有较大的差别,武夷山分布区居群间的变异要明显大于宝华山居群间的变异,并且,从居群的水平已出现了明显的分化;而宝华山居群间的变异要小于居群内变异,变异是呈连续分散状的,不存在飞跃点。不论是哪一个居群,生殖器官比营养器官表型变异程度大。3)将武夷山与宝华山野生早樱各个取样居群进行综合讨论,利用单因素方差分析、主成份分析、聚类分析和巢式方差分析等的结果表明,两地野生早樱地理分化明显,可以分为三大类,一方面说明了两地野生早樱出现了分类学意义上的物种新单元,另一方面也证明了武夷山野生早樱分化为两个新类别的论断。在分类学处理上,提出了大叶早樱原种下的新变种——宽叶早樱( Cerasus subhirtella var. platyphyllus)和小花早樱(Cerasus subhirtella var. miniflora),并保留了变种野生早樱(Cerasus subhirtella var. ascendens)。4)着重对大叶早樱种系下三变种的群落学特征进行了详尽的研究,从群落物种组成、群落组成种类频度、群落物种区系、群落外貌特征、群落结构、群落物种多样性、群落种群动态等七个方面对其进行了比较分析。研究发现,武夷山早樱群落和宝华山早樱群落存在较大的差异,各方面不尽相同。但是,从种群动态的研究发现,在群落中都属于衰退种群,林下极少有幼苗出现,如若不及时保护或对其引种开发,极有可能会湮灭于大山之中。建议对早樱群落进行适度干扰,开辟林窗,有利于其种群的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The main distribution of Cerasus subhirtella var. ascendens is in the southern part of Yangtse River– about Sichuan, Hubei, Fujian, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang et al. The morphological characteristics of C. subhirtella var. ascendens have much variation in different population because of the complicated entironment and widespread distribution. Based on the taxonomy of Cerasus, the paper make emphases on the generalization of taxonomy of C. subhirtella var. ascendens and the research history of plant population variation. The systematic research on variation of C. subhirtella var. ascendens are done with the method of a series of field investigation, reviewing specimens and numerical taxonomy, and its communities are also discovered in the paper. After the final statistic, main results are followings:1) The research advance of Cerasus in taxonomy, morphologic, molecular biology, geological distribution, propagation are reviewed. Mearsure and proposal for exploitation and utilization are presented for the resource of China wild Cerasus plants. What’s more, the significance of population in the taxonomy are illustrated, and the method of statistics are suggested to use in the classical taxonomy of C. subhirtella var. ascendens.2) Via studying on the populations in Fujian Wuyi mountain and Jiangsu Baohua mountain , the results shows that the morphological variation is existed in two distributions. The most important effect on the variation is the environment where they locate. The extent of variation is distinct in different distribution, which indicates the morphological variation of Wuyi mountain is more remarkable than Baohua mountain. Meanwhile, the morphological variation in Wuyi mountain is up to the population’s level, and Wuyi mountain’s is not so distinct which still settle inner population with the continuous points. Finally , regardless of any populations the extent of morphological variation of procreant apparatus is much greater than the nutritional apparatus’.3) All of populations we research are congregated to discuss. By the methods of ANOVA, PCA, UPGMA and EMS, the result indicates that morphological variation of C. subhirtella var. ascendens between Fujian and Jiangsu has distinctly differentiation which we can classify three groups. For one things, the new taxonomical cell of C. subhirtella var. ascendens we can attain and the differentiation among populations of Wuyi mountain are proved. The variety of Cerasus subhirtella are readjusted in the paper---two new varieties Cerasus subhirtella var. platyphyllus and Cerasus subhirtella var. miniflora, and reserving Cerasus subhirtella var. ascendens.4) Three kinds of variety of Cerasus subhirtella communities are studies detailedly from several aspects: species composing, species frequency, community floristic feature, community structure, community diversity and population development. The investigation shows that the community has greatly different between Wuyi Mountain and Baohua Mountain. But from point of view the population development, all of the early cherry population in the community are declining and seedlings can not be found in the forest. Therefore, effective measure should be taken to protect or utilize, or they will vanish in the nature. It is advised that medium disturbance and forestry gaps be helpful to the normal succession of early cherry population.更多还原