【作者】 许明修；

【导师】 丁玉洲；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 森林保护学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过林间系统研究和室内试验测定相结合,并应用较为先进的统计分析方法,对竹蚜虫及其天敌自然种群结构与动态,竹蚜虫天敌的重要值排序,蚜灰蝶与竹蚜虫的时空追随关系,蚜灰蝶对竹蚜的捕食效应,不同饥饿程度和干扰对蚜灰蝶幼虫捕食作用的影响等做了大量研究,为新生物防治材料蚜灰蝶天敌价值的评价提供有价值的参数。1皖东竹林的调研结果可见:皖东竹林中有两种竹蚜虫,分别为竹蚜和竹午蚜;竹蚜虫共有5种天敌,分别为蚜灰蝶、狼蛛、食蚜蝇、异色瓢虫和中华草蛉。竹蚜虫中以竹蚜为优势害虫,天敌中以蚜灰蝶为优势天敌。竹蚜虫与蚜灰蝶的有虫株率和种群密度的林间动态基本一致,但与其它天敌如狼蛛不符。竹种对竹蚜虫及其天敌的有虫株率和种群密度的年发生动态影响不大。竹蚜虫及其天敌的有虫株率和种群密度在竹林不同部位(林缘、林内)的年发生动态基本一致,但林缘的竹蚜虫及其天敌的有虫株率和种群密度均大于林内。2竹蚜虫天敌的重要值排序结果表明:淡竹林中竹蚜虫天敌重要值排序结果从大到小依次为蚜灰蝶、异色瓢虫、狼蛛、食蚜蝇、中华草蛉。刚竹林中竹蚜虫天敌重要值排序结果从大到小依次为蚜灰蝶、狼蛛、异色瓢虫、食蚜蝇。刚竹林中调查未发现中华草蛉。3蚜灰蝶与竹蚜虫林间时空追随联系分析结果表明:竹林中竹蚜和竹午蚜与其优势天敌蚜灰蝶之间共同出现的频率年动态变化基本一致。蚜灰蝶与竹蚜及竹午蚜共同出现的总体频率均为5月最高,4月次之。竹种对竹蚜和竹午蚜与其优势天敌蚜灰蝶之间共同出现的频率年动态变化基本没有影响。不同竹种(淡竹、刚竹)上蚜灰蝶与竹蚜的相关性在所有天敌中最相关,蚜灰蝶在淡竹和刚竹上都与竹蚜追随联系紧密;竹林不同部位(林缘、林内)蚜灰蝶与竹蚜的相关性在所有天敌中最相关,蚜灰蝶在林缘和林内都与竹蚜追随联系紧密。但蚜灰蝶与竹午蚜的追随关系不论在不同竹种还是在竹林不同部位均不紧密。4蚜灰蝶是竹蚜的优势捕食性天敌,林间种群数量大,捕食能力强,捕食量大。蚜灰蝶对竹蚜虫的捕食量测定结果表明:蚜灰蝶3、2、1龄幼虫的日均捕食量依次为266.20头、161.80头、93.60头。蚜灰蝶幼虫随着龄级的增大日均捕食量逐渐增大。蚜灰蝶幼虫一天内的捕食量均较大,但在一日内的捕食量以21:30—5:30间相对最大,而以5:30—9:30这段时间相对最小。蚜灰蝶幼虫一天内的捕食速度与捕食量的变化一致。蚜灰蝶幼虫对竹蚜的日均捕食量随温度的上升而上升,但当温度上升到一定程度时,蚜灰蝶的捕食量又随温度的升高而下降。蚜灰蝶幼虫最适活动温度为25℃～30℃,此温度区间内,蚜灰蝶幼虫的捕食量均较大。这与林间竹蚜虫呈现出春秋二季两次发生高峰期间的温度基本吻合,夏季高温竹蚜虫和蚜灰蝶种群数量显著降低。5不同饥饿程度对蚜灰蝶幼虫捕食作用的研究结果表明:饥饿程度对蚜灰蝶幼虫捕食作用的影响明显。随着饥饿时间的增加蚜狄蝶幼虫的日均捕食量减少,表明蚜灰蝶幼虫不耐饥饿。饥饿4小时的蚜灰蝶幼虫比未饥饿的各个时段的捕食速度都要慢,可见饥饿对蚜灰蝶幼虫的捕食速度有比较明显的影响。6干扰作用对蚜灰蝶幼虫捕食作用影响的研究结果表明:干扰强度越大,空间异质性越复杂,蚜灰蝶幼虫捕食量越低,捕食速度也越低,干扰(竹叶数)与捕食量和捕食速度都成负相关,都为线性关系。在局部空间内,蚜灰蝶幼虫越多,种内干扰越大,蚜灰蝶幼虫捕食量越低,捕食速度也越低,蚜灰蝶幼虫数与捕食量和捕食速度都成负相关,都为线性关系。饥饿4h的蚜灰蝶幼虫搜索到竹蚜的时间均比未饥饿的蚜灰蝶幼虫搜索到竹蚜的时间要短,表明适当饥饿可以加快蚜灰蝶幼虫的搜索速度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The structure and dynamics of Astogopteryx bambusae and its natural enemies,the importance order of natural enemies,the following relation about Taraka hamada Druce and Astogopteryx bambusae,predacious number of Taraka harnada Druce to Astogopteryx bambusae,the effect of different starvation and disturber to the predacity of Taraka hamada Druce were studied by means of system study,indoor test and advanced statistical measure in this dissertation.This dissertation offer valuable parameter for the value judgement to Taraka hamada Druce.1 By the investigate in forest:There are two kind of Astogopteryx bambusae, Melanaphis bambusae(Fullaway)and Astegopteryx bambusifoliae(Takahashi);There are five kind of natural enemies,Taraka hamada Druce,Episyrphus balteatus,Harmonia axyridis,Lyosa sinensis Schenkel and Chrysopa sinica Tieder.Ascendent astogopteryx bambusae is Melanaphis bambusae(Fullaway),ascendent natural enemies is Taraka hamada Druce.Dynamics of the ratio of infested trees and larval population density of Taraka hamada Druce is same to Astogopteryx bambusae,but the other natural enemies is not this.The kind of bamboo hasn’t important effect to dynamics of the ratio of infested trees and larval population density of Astogopteryx bambusae and its natural enemies. Dynamics of the ratio of infested trees and larval population density of Astogopteryx bambusae is same to its natural enemies in forest and forest border,but the number of forest border is higher than forest.2 The result of the importance order of natural enemies:From high to low,the result of importance in Phyllostachy glauca McCl.is Taraka hamada Druce,Harmonia axyridis, Lyosa sinensis Schenkel,Episyrphus balteatus,Chrysopa sinica Tieder.From high to low, the result of importance in Phyllostachys viridis(Young)Mc Clure.is Taraka hamada Druce,Lyosa sinensis Schenkel,Harmonia axyridis,Episyrphus balteatus.3 The result of following relation about Taraka hamada Druce and Astogopteryx bambusae in forest:Dynamics of the frequency of Taraka hamada Druce and Melanaphis bambusae(Fullaway)appearance in the same time is same to the frequency of Taraka hamada Druce and Astegopteryx bambusifoliae(Takahashi).And the number of frequency in May is highest in the year,the number of frequency in April is the secondly in the year. There are little effect about the kind of bamboo to the dynamics of the frequency of Taraka hamada Druce and Melanaphis bambusae(Fullaway)and Astegopteryx bambusifoliae (Takahashi)appearance in the same time.The relativity of Taraka hamada Druce and Melanaphis bambusae(Fullaway)is highest in natural enemies in different kind bamboo. The following relation of Taraka hamada Druce and Melanaphis bambusae(Fullaway)is tightness in different kind of bamboo.The relativity of Taraka hamada Druce and Melanaphis bambusae(Fullaway)is highest in natural enemies in different position of bamboo forest.The following relation of Taraka hamada Druce and Melanaphis bambusae (Fullaway)is tightness in different position of bamboo forest.But the relativity of Taraka hamada Druce and Astegopteryx bambusifoliae(Takahashi)isn’t tightness in different kind bamboo and different position of bamboo forest.4 The number of Taraka hamada Druce is high in forest,predacious ability of Taraka hamada Druce is strong,predacious number of Taraka hamada Druce is high.Predacious number of Taraka hamada Druce to Astogopteryx bambusae:Predacious number of Taraka hamada Druce 3,2,1 in 24 hours is 266.20,161.80,93.60 in turn.Predacious number become more and more high along with the ageing of Taraka hamada Druce.Ascendent natural enemies of Melanaphis bambusae(Fullaway)is Taraka hamada Druce. Predacious number of Taraka hamada Druce always is high in every day,but it is more high in 21:30-5:30 and less in 5:30-9:30.The change of predacious rats is same to predacious number.Predacious number of Taraka hamada Druce to Astogopteryx bambusae become more and more high along with the rise of temperature,but predacious number become less along with the rise of temperature when the temperature rise at a certain extent.The optimum temperature of Taraka hamada Druce activity is 25℃-30℃,predacious number of Taraka hamada Druce always is high in 25℃-30℃.This is same with the change of the temperature in spring and autumn,the number of Astogopteryx bambusae and Taraka hamada Druce distinct decline in summer.5 The effect of different starvation to predacity of Taraka hamada Druce:The effect of different starvation to the predacity of Melanaphis bambusae(Fullaway)is distinct. Predacious number of Taraka hamada Druce become less along with the rise of starvation time,this show that Taraka hamada Druce can’t suffer from starvation.The Taraka hamada Druce of starvation 4 hours has slower predacious rats than the Taraka hamada Druce of no starvation,this show that starvation has distinct influence to the predacious rats of the Taraka hamada Druce.6 The effect of disturber to the predacity of Taraka hamada Druce:Predacious number and predacious rats of Taraka hamada Druce become less along with the increase of disturb intensity,more complex of the room.The relation of the number of bamboo leaf with predacious number and predacious rats is negative correlation and linearity.Predacious number and predacious rats of Taraka hamada Druce become less along with the increase of Taraka hamada Druce,more disturb in genus.The relation of the number of Taraka hamada Druce with predacious number and predacious rats is negative correlation and linearity.The Taraka hamada Druce of no starvation need more time than the Taraka hamada Druce of starvation 4 hours to find Melanaphis bambusae(Fullaway,this show that starvation can speed up the search rats of Taraka hamada Druce.更多还原