【作者】 陈静；

【导师】 张同乐；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 河北省是蝗虫的主要发生地之一,中华人民共和国成立之前给农业造成过巨大的损失,使灾区人民生活痛苦不堪。本文对新中国成立初期河北省的蝗灾防治进行探讨,着重研究治蝗过程中的社会动员机制及其治蝗组织机构与政策。前言主要考察新中国成立以前河北省发生的严重蝗灾情况,介绍了本文的选题意义和创新点。正文分为5个部分:第一部分,介绍了20世纪50年代河北存在的宜蝗区,主要研究1949—1952年河北蝗灾的发生及治理。文章认为,广泛的社会动员和大规模的“人工捕打”是这一时期主要的治蝗方法。第二部分,主要研究1953—1957年河北蝗灾的发生及治理。在这一时期,严密的组织动员机制和大量使用化学农药、现代化的药械,动用飞机撒药治蝗成为河北省有效控制蝗灾发生的主要方法。第三部分,探讨河北省动员人民积极捕蝗采取的措施。注重考察人民政府排解治蝗农民的思想顾虑,妥善解决农民生产与捕蝗的矛盾,给予治蝗农民工生活补助等诸项有效举措。第四部分,对河北省治蝗组织机构进行研究。专题探讨专门治蝗机构在治蝗组织动员中地位和作用。第五部分,总结20世纪50年代后期河北省有效控制蝗害的经验与教训。笔者认为,20世纪50年代中国共产党和各级人民政府把社会各阶层人民组织起来,广泛使用现代化药械,有效控制了蝗灾的发生,大大减轻了受灾程度。河北省在治蝗过程中积累的领导干部身体力行,广泛动员群众,群防群治,政府支持财力、物力,依靠科技创新和进步实现灭蝗减灾等经验,对今后预防蝗灾有着重要的借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hebei Province is the locust mainly has one of places.Before the People’s Republic of China had been established has created the massive loss to the agriculture,causes the disaster area lives of the people pain to be unable to withstand..This article carries on the discussion to the new Chinese establishment initial period Hebei Province’s locust plague preventing and controlling,studies in the locust control process the society to mobilize the mechanism and the locust control organizations and agencies and the policy emphatically.The foreword mainly inspects new China establishes the serious locust plague situation, introduced this article selected topic significance and the innovation spot.The main text divides into 5parts:The first part,introduced the 20th century 50’s Hebei Province which beforehand Hebei Province occurs also has the big area the suitable locust area, the analysis locust control duty extremely difficulty.mainly studies 1949-1952 year Hebei locust plague the occurrence and the government.The article believed that,the widespread social mobilization and large-scale "seizes and destroys is artificially"this time main locust control method. The second part,mainly studies 1953-1957 year Hebei locust plague the occurrence and the government.In this time, the strict organization mobilizes the mechanism and the massive use chemistry agricultural chemicals, the modernized medicine applicator,uses the airplane to scatter the medicine locust control to become the main method which the Hebei Province active control locust plague occurs.The third part,discusses Hebei Province to mobilize the people positively to catch the measure which the locust adopts.The attention inspects the people’s government to mediate the locust control farmer’s thought worry,solves the farmer to produce properly with catches locust’s contradiction,gives the locust control the peasant laborer living cost allowance and so on the various effective actions.The fourth part,conducts the research to the Hebei Province locust control organizations and agencies.The special discussion special locust control organization mobilizes the status and the function in the locust control organization.The fifth part,summarizes the experience and the lesson which the 20th century 50’s later period the Hebei Province active control locust harms.The author believed that,20th century 50’s Communist Party of China and all levels of people’s government organize the social various social strata people,widely uses the modernized medicine applicator,the active control locust plague occurrence, reduced the disaster degree greatly.Hebei Province accumulates in the locust control process the leading cadre to personally set an example,widely mobilizes the populace,the prevention of crimes by the masses,the government to support the financial resource,the physical resource,depends upon the technical innovation and the progress realization exterminates locusts experiences and so on disaster reduction,has the important model significance to the next prevention locust plague.更多还原