【作者】 陈伟；

【导师】 管振龙；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 动物学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 运动病是因异常运动刺激而引起的神经系统功能失调,主要表现为植物神经系统功能紊乱,出现面色苍白、出汗、流涎、淡漠、嗜睡、腹部不适、眩晕、恶心或呕吐等症状与体征。是乘车、乘船、乘飞机及航天过程中的一种常见疾病。前庭器官的半规管和耳石器是旋转和直线变速运动的感受器,它们的主要功能有:感受头部空间位置和运动,维持身体平衡;维持肌张力和躯体姿势;协调眼球的运动以及在运动、头部位置改变时快速调节呼吸、循环系统的内脏活动,维持内环境的稳定。目前认为乘车、乘船、乘飞机及航天过程中常引起的运动病主要是由于前庭系统的异常的活动而产生的。所以,近年来对前庭系统调节内脏活动尤其是内脏不适引发的恶心、呕吐的机制的研究已成为热点领域。这些机制的阐明对于预防和治疗各种运动病,以及研制抗运动病的药物都具有重大的理论意义和实际意义。在运动病的形成过程中,异常的前庭传入信号是运动病发生的关键因素之一,呕吐是运动病发生时最显著的特征。因此,前庭信号进入中枢后,必然经过一系列的复杂的过程,经由迷走神经中的副交感成分及交感神经到达肠胃等器官,从而实现呕吐等生理反应。但半规管和耳石器官的初级传入与副交感神经和交感神经的传出之间是什么样的关系还不十分清楚。为了解决这个问题,曾经提出过一个假说,它认为:椭圆囊在前庭交感反射中起主要作用,而半规管对激活副交感神经系统起到重要作用。但是这一假设是建立在一些零散的研究结果之上的,并没有直接的证据。所以前庭器官与交感、副交感神经之间的联系至今尚不清楚。本文共用家鸽20只,用损伤性刺激前庭器官和电生理同时记录颈交感、迷走神经放电的方法,分别对如下问题进行了研究:(1)损伤性刺激10只家鸽的椭圆囊耳石器官,记录刺激前后迷走神经和颈交感神经的放电变化。(2)损伤性刺激10只家鸽的水平半规管壶腹,记录刺激前后迷走神经和颈交感神经的放电变化。对所得结果进行统计学分析。结果如下:1.损伤性刺激家鸽的椭圆囊,颈迷走神经和交感神经的变化。在10只家鸽中,刺激后颈交感神经放电较比刺激前显著(p＜0.01)升高的有9只,没有显著变化(p＞0.05)的1只。用配对Wilcoxon秩和检验的方法对10只家鸽的数据进行综合检验,结果表明椭圆囊刺激可以激活交感神经。与此同时记录的迷走神经放电的结果是:在10只家鸽中,刺激后迷走神经放电较比刺激前显著(p＜0.01)降低的有7只,没有显著变化(p＞0.05)的2只,显著增加(p＜0.01)的1只。用配对Wilcoxon秩和检验的方法对10只家鸽的数据进行综合检验,结果是刺激前后迷走神经的放电没有明显变化。2.损伤性刺激家鸽半规管,迷走和颈交感神经的变化。在10只家鸽中,刺激后颈交感神经放电较比刺激前显著(p＜0.01)降低的有6只,没有显著变化(p＞0.05)的1只,显著增加的3只。用配对Wilcoxon秩和检验的方法对10只家鸽的数据进行综合检验,结果表明半规管刺激对交感神经的活动没有显著影响。与此同时记录的迷走神经放电的结果是:在10只家鸽中,刺激后迷走神经放电较比刺激前显著(p＜0.05)降低的有8只,没有显著变化(p＞0.05)的2只。用配对Wilcoxon秩和检验的方法对10只家鸽的数据进行综合检验,结果显示对半规管的损伤性可显著地抑制迷走神经的放电。上述结果表明,前庭器官传入信号对颈部交感和迷走神经的影响表现为:(1)耳石器官主要是激活颈交感神经,对迷走神经的影响不确定。(2)半规管主要是对迷走神经产生抑制作用,对颈交感神经影响不确定。本研究结果为进一步揭示前庭系统对内脏活动的调节机制及对阐明运动病发生机理提供了基础资料。更多还原

【Abstract】 Motion sickness, a disease induced by abnormal motion, shows a misregulation of autonomic nervous system, including sweating, salivating, indifference, enjoying sleeping, belly discomfort, faintness and sick. Semicircular canal and otolith in vestibular system are receptors of circumrotating and lineal shifting gears movement. Their functions include feeling the location and movement of head, maintaining balance of body and inner-environment, mediating eye movement and breath. At present, motion sickness induced by riding, embarking and emplaning is considered as a result of unconventional activity of vestibular system. So, the study is hot in how vestibular system mediates splanchnic activity. The solution of this problem is important for prevention and cure of motion sickness.Abnormal signal introduction to vestibular system is one of the main reasons for motion sickness with a distinct character of nausea. According to this phenomena, signals from vestibular system must reach intestines and stomach overpass vagal nerve. However, it is still not well known about the connection of the signal introduction from semicircular canal and otolith with the signal out from autonomic nervous. In order to solve this problem, a hypothesis has been supposed: the utricles exert a predominantly sympatho-excitatory influence via their interactions with brain noradrenergic pathways, while the semicircular canals increase parasympathetic tone via their cholinergic brain stem and cerebellar projections. But there is no enough evidence to support this hypothesis, the nature of this connection remains in dispute.20 pigeons was used in this study, we stimulated the vestibular system and then recorded the discharge of the sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve. We studied the following questions: (1) Damage stimulates the otolith of 10 pigeons, and we recorded the electric discharge changes of sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve. (2) Damage stimulates the lateralis semicircular canal of 10 pigeons, and we recorded the electric discharge changes of sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve. The results are as follows:1.The changes of sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve appear after damage stimulates the otolith.9 pigeons have a significant increase in electric discharge changes of sympathetic nerve (p<0.01), but 1 does not (p>0.05). Statistical analysis shows that the otolith stimulation can activate sympathetic nerve. At the same time, vagal nerve electric discharges show the following result: 7 pigeons have a significant decrease in electric discharge changes of parasympathetic nerve (p<0.01), but 1 has significant increase (p<0.01), and 2 have no differences (p>0.05). Statistical analysis also shows that otolith stimulation have no effect on vagal nerve.2. The changes of sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve appear after damage stimulates the semicircular canal.6 pigeons have a significant decrease in electric discharge changes of sympathetic nerve (p<0.01), but 3 have significant increase (p<0.01) and 1 have no difference (p>0.05) under control. Statistical analysis shows that otolith stimulation have no effect on sympathetic nerve. At the same time, vagal nerve electric discharges are as follow: 8 pigeons have a significant decrease in electric discharge changes of vagal nerve (p<0.01), but 2 have no difference (p>0.05) under control. Statistical analysis displays that semicircular canal stimulation can inhibit vagal nerve activity.The results above indicated: (1)The tolith can activate sympathetic nerve, but the effect on vagal nerve is uncertain. (2)The semicircular canal can activate vagal nerve, but the effect on sympathetic nerve is uncertain. The results provided the basal data for elucidating the mechanism of the vestibule-viscus modulation and motion sickness.更多还原