【作者】 杨苞梅；

【导师】 林电；

【作者基本信息】 华南热带农业大学 ， 土壤学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,我国香蕉产业迅速发展,香蕉的科技研究与应用也取得了巨大的进步。然而,香蕉的科技研究与应用仍满足不了生产发展的需要。本项目应用土壤养分状况系统研究法进行了海南岛花岗岩发育砖红壤的香蕉园土壤养分限制因子及其亏缺程度研究,旨在为香蕉的平衡施肥提供理论依据。其研究结果如下:1、供试土壤对各养分的吸附固定能力大小顺序为:B>S>Cu>K>Zn;其中B的吸附率为38.0%～64.0%,S的吸附率为24.2%～57.3%,K的吸附率为19.1%,Cu的吸附率为20.6%,Zn的吸附率为14.5%。2、高粱盆栽试验表明供试土壤养分亏缺程度为:N>Zn>B>Mg>S>K>Mo>Ca>Cu;香蕉盆栽试验表明供试土壤养分亏缺程度为:N>Mg>Zn>K>Ca>S>Mo>B;都表明N是供试土壤的第一养分限制因子。3、750g尿素/株、60g纯Mg/株的氮镁肥施用最有利于香蕉的形态生理生长,供试土壤条件下,其抽叶速度最快,茎围最粗,株高最高。4、750g尿素/株、60g纯Mg/株的氮镁肥配合施用最有利于香蕉对氮、镁及钾的吸收。就香蕉叶片镁素含量而言,氮镁交互作用极显著,孕蕾期,N₁Mg₁处理组合最优,其次是N₂Mg₂处理组合。就香蕉叶片钾素含量而言,氮镁交互作用极显著,花芽分化期,N₂Mg₁处理组合表现为最优;孕蕾期,N₃Mg₂处理组合最优。5、750g尿素/株的氮肥施用最有利于叶绿素的形成。花芽分化期,30g纯Mg/株的镁肥施用完全可以满足叶绿素a及叶绿素（a+b）形成的需求;孕蕾期,90g纯Mg/株的镁肥施用最有利于叶绿素b及叶绿素（a+b）的形成。就叶绿素a而言,氮镁交互作用,花芽分化期极显著,N3Mg1处理组合最优;孕蕾期显著,N3Mg3处理组合最优。就叶绿素b而言,氮镁交互作用极显著,花芽分化期N2Mg2处理组合最优;孕蕾期N3Mg3处理组合最优。就叶绿素（a+b）而言,氮镁交互作用极显著,花芽分化期N3Mg1处理组合最优;孕蕾期N3Mg3处理组合最优。6、氮肥、镁肥及其交互作用对香蕉产量影响均达极显著。氮肥主要是通过增加果指数来增加产量;而镁肥通过增加果指与果梳数共同提高产量。N₂Mg₂处理组合香蕉产量是23.7kg/株,极显著高于其它处理,统计上表现为最优处理组合。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recently, with the China’s rapid development of the banana industry, the banana’s technical research and application have made tremendous progress. However, the banana’s technical research and application still failed to meet the needs of production. The project uses the systematic research method of soil’s nutrient status to do research on the nutrient limiting factors and its’deficient degree of laterite in banana’s garden which is developed from the Hainan Island’s granite. The purpose of the project is to provide the theoretical basis for the banana’s balance fertilization. The research results are as follows,1. The order of the ability to absorb and fix of tested laterite to each nutrient element is: B>S>Cu>K>Zn; the absorption rate of B is 38.0%⁶4.0%, the absorption rate of S is 24.2%⁵7.3%, the absorption rate of K is 19.1%, the absorption rate of Cu is 20.6%, the absorption rate of Zn is 14.5%.2. The sorghum’s pot experiment has shown that the nutrient deficient degree of tested soil is: N>Zn>B>Mg>S>K>Z>Mo>Ca>Cu; The banana’s pot experiment has shown that the nutrient deficient degree of tested soil is: N>Mg>Zn>K>Ca>S>Mo>B. All indicated that the first limiting factor of tested soil is N.3. The mixed fertilization of 750g urea/plant cooperated with 60g pure Mg/plant is most favorable to the shape and physiological growth of bananas. Under the tested soil condition, the speed of leaf blade is the fastest, the stem girth is the thickest and the plant height is the highest.4. The mixed fertilization of 750g urea/plant cooperated with 60g pure Mg/plant is most favorable to the absorption of nitrogen, magnesium and potassium for bananas. So far as the magnesium content of banana’s leaves is concerned, the interaction of nitrogen and magnesium is extremely significant. During the flower bud stage, the combination of N1Mg1 treatment is the best, the combination of N2Mg2 treatment is the next. So far as the potassium content of banana’s leaves is concerned, the interaction of nitrogen and magnesium is extremely significant. During the flower bud differentiation stage, the combination of N2Mg1 treatment is the best; During the flower bud stage, the combination of N3Mg2 treatment is the best.5. The nitrogenous fertilization of 750g urea/plant is most favorable to the formation of chlorophyll. During the flower bud differentiation stage, the magnesium fertilization of 30g pure Mg/plant can completely fulfill the needs of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll （a+b） formation; during the flower bud stage, the magnesium fertilization of 90g pure Mg/plant is favorable to the formation of chlorophyll b and chlorophyll （a+b）. So far as the chlorophyll a is concerned, the interaction of nitrogen and magnesium is extremely significant during the flower bud differentiation stage, and the combination of N₃Mg₁ treatment is the best; the interaction of nitrogen and magnesium is significant during the flower bud stage, and the combination of N₃Mg₃ treatment is the best. So far as the chlorophyll b is concerned, the interaction of nitrogen and magnesium is extremely significant during the flower bud differentiation stage, and the combination of N₂Mg₂ treatment is the best; during the flower bud stage, the combination of N₃Mg₃ treatment is the best. So far as the chlorophyll （a+b） is concerned, the interaction of nitrogen and magnesium is extremely significant, and the combination of N₃Mg₁ treatment is the best during the flower bud differentiation stage; the combination of N₃Mg₃ treatment is the best during the flower bud stage.6. The influences of nitrogenous fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer and their interaction to the output of bananas are both extremely significant. The nitrogen fertilizer is mainly through increasing fruit index to increase yield; and the magnesium fertilizer is both through increasing the fruit index and fruit section refers to improve yield. The yield from the combination of N₂Mg₂ treatment is 23.7kg/plant, which is extremely higher than the other treatment. That treatment is shown to be the best combination of treatment on statistics.更多还原