【作者】 陈秀龙；

【导师】 陈秋波；

【作者基本信息】 华南热带农业大学 ， 森林培育， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究的目的是通过调查城市森林乔木树种的种类、数目、分布，并测定常见树种的光合生理特性、固碳释氧效应、增湿降温效应、滞尘效应，以及不同街道绿化类型的减噪效应等，从而了解海口市城市森林乔木树种的种类结构并评价主要树种的环境服务功能。研究结果表明：（1）城区森林乔木树种有229种，隶属57科169属，其中，常见树种110种，偶见树种119种：常绿树种170种，落叶树种59种；乡土树种139种，外来树种90种。这些树木在各绿地的分布情况，按种类统计，单位附属绿地占31.21％，行道绿地占45.76％，公共绿地占23.03％；按株数统计，单位附属绿地占55.46％，行道绿地占18.78％，公共绿地占89.96％。（2）城区行道绿化乔木树种种类结构单一，椰子、印度紫檀、黄葛榕、细叶榕和非洲楝五个树种在数量上已占行道树总株数的72.55％，成为行道绿化的骨干树种。（3）城区森林乔木树种的净光合速率的日变化随光合有效辐射的变化呈现出两种生长趋势，单峰型和双峰型。（4）城区森林乔木树种的光能利用率和水分利用率各有不同，光能利用率较高的树种有大花紫薇、洋蒲桃、印度紫檀和榄仁树，水分利用率较高的树种有榄仁树，海南蒲桃、美丽木棉和印度紫檀。（5）城区森林乔木树种的固碳释氧和增湿降温效果各有不同，大小分别决定于森林树种的光合强度和蒸腾强度。测试树种中，固碳释氧效果最明显的是榄仁树，相对较差的是白玉兰；增湿降温效果最明显的是美丽木棉，相对较差的是印度紫檀。（6）城区森林乔木树种的固碳释氧量、蒸腾量和吸收城市热量是十分可观的，白天固定CO₂平均为7.28g／m²／d，释放O₂平均为5.29g／m²／d，释放H₂O平均为1765.95g／m²／d，吸收城市热量平均为4254721.35J／m²／d。（7）城区森林乔木树种的滞尘效果之间差异非常明显，滞尘机理复杂，大小受本底环境条件、树种地上部分结构如叶面积、枝冠绿量等因素的影响。一般地，叶表面粗糙、着生绒毛、腺体和气孔明显突出的树种比叶表面光滑、无毛的树种滞尘能力强。滞尘能力较强的树种有黄槿、对叶榕、榄仁树、麻楝等。（8）车辆噪声源通过街道绿化带后都有不同程度的衰减，街头绿地绿化类型的减噪声效果比街道板式的好，街道板式各绿化类型中又以一板四带式的减噪效果为佳。总之，本研究比较系统地调查了海口市城市森林乔木树种的种类结构以及其环境服务功能，研究结果可以为更合理配套海口市的城市森林树种提供一些科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The objectives of the present research were to find out the arbor species components and their environmental services of Urban forest in Haikou. The findings indicated that:（1） The arbor species of Urban forest in Haikou had 229 species, 169 gengeras, 57 families. And among them, there were 110 common arbor species, 119 rare arbor species? 170 evergreen arbor species, 59 deciduous arbor species; 139 native arbor species, 90 exotic arbor species. These trees distributed in each green place situation, according to the type statistics, the unit affiliated green space accounts for 31.21%, the street green area accounts for 45.76%, the public green space accounts for 23.03%; according to the number statistics, the unit affiliated green space accounts for 55.46%, the street green area accounts for 18.78 %, the public green space accounts for 89.96 %.（2） The diversity of the urban street arbor species was low, in that Cocos nucifera Linn., Pterocarpus indicus, Ficusvirens Ait var sublanceolata, Ficus microcarpa L and Khaya senegalensis dominated 72.55% of all the arbor tree population.（3） Net photosynthetic rate and their diurnal variation of the tree species of Urban forest shown two kinds of growth tendency which followed the change of photosynthetically available radiation, one was a single peak curve, the other was a double peak curve.（4）The light use efficiency and the water use efficiency between the arbor species of Urban forest were difference. The arbor species with stronger light use efficiency were Lagerstroemia speciosa, Samalanga syzygium, Terminalia catappa and Pterocarpus indicus. The arbor species with stronger water use efficiency were Terminalia catappa、Syzygium cumini、Chorisia speciosa and Pterocarpus indicus.（5） The effect of carbon fixation、oxygen release、temperature reduction and humidification between the arbor species of Urban forest was difference, which was decided for the tree species ’photosynthetic and transpiration characteristics. In the test tree species, the arbor specie with stronger carbon fixation and oxygen release effect was Terminalia catappa, but Magnolia denudate was the worse. The arbor specie with stronger temperature reduction and humidification effect was Chorisia speciosa, but Pterocarpus indicus was the worse.（6） The gross quantity of carbon fixation、oxygen release、transpiration、heat energy absorption about the arbor species of Urban forest was considerable. In daytime, they can fixed CO₂ average for 7.28 g/m²/d, release O₂ average for 5.29 g/m²/d, release H₂O average for 1765.95 g/m²/d, absorb the city heat energy average for 4254721.35 J/m²/d.（7） Dust catching effect between the arbor species of Urban forest was difference extremely obvious. The mechanism to dust catching effect was complex, and its affecting factors were background environmental condition and tree species structure just likes leaf area and crown green capacity. Generally, dust catching effect to the arbor species with fluff、gland、extrude air cavity、coarse surface in the leaf blade was stronger than the others with smooth、non- wool surface. The arbor species with stronger dust catching effect were Hibiscus tiliaceus、Ficus hispida、Terminalia catappa and Chukrasia tabularis.（8 ） The traffic noise reduced to certain extent after passing through the green space and green belts. The street corner green space to reduce the noise effect was greater than the street green belts. In the street green belts, the best noise abatement effect was observed at the four green belts.In brief, this research quite systematically investigated the arbor species structure and their environmental services of Urban forest in Haikou, the findings might provide some scientificbases on matching the Urban forest in Haikou as more reasonable as necessary.更多还原