【作者】 巩红冬；

【导师】 王一峰；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 植物学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 风毛菊属植物分布于亚洲与欧洲,该属植物中的许多种类是极有前途的药用植物。有关风毛菊属植物的研究,前人在药理、生理、分子、细胞学和形态等方面做过一定的工作,但在系统研究上仍存在很大的争议。研究它们的染色体核型,对于研究风毛菊属植物的起源、系统发育、分类及风毛菊属植物资源的进一步开发利用等均有重要意义。本文系统研究了青藏高原东缘25种风毛菊属植物的染色体数目、随体的有无、B染色体的有无、核型公式、核型类型、臂比、相对长度、核型不对称系数等内容,主要结果如下:1、25种风毛菊属植物的染色体数目极为丰富,共有6种类型,分别是2n=24、26、28、30、32和34,且每种染色体数目的种数在总种数中所占的比例相差较大。2、25种风毛菊属植物的染色体组成从着丝点组成和长度组成两方面来看均有2种类型,2种着丝点组成类型的种数几乎相当,但2种长度组成类型的种数相差甚远。3、25种风毛菊属植物的核型类型也较为丰富,共有4种类型,它们是2A、3A、2B和3B,且每种核型类型的种数在总种数中所占的比例相差颇大。4、25种风毛菊属植物的染色体长度比从变裂风毛菊的1.63∶1到东俄洛风毛菊的2.96∶1具有较大的变异范围。5、25种风毛菊属植物的核型不对称系数从东俄洛风毛菊的58.07到乌苏里风毛菊的69.43同样具有较大变异范围。6、25种风毛菊属植物具有相差较大的染色体相对长度变异范围,其中变异范围较小的为变裂风毛菊6.26～10.22,变异范围较大的为禾叶风毛菊4.80～14.08。7、25种风毛菊属植物中均末发现随体。8、25种风毛菊属植物中首次在禾叶风毛菊中发现一对B染色体。9、多样的核型特征表明风毛菊属是一个起源较早且内部分化剧烈的属。更多还原

【Abstract】 The genus Saussurea is composed of about 400 annual, biennial or perennial species over the world, distributed in Asia and Europe, and about 264 species are found in china. The genus belongs to the family Asteraceae.Species of Saussurea DC. have important medical value, So far, some works have been done on the medicine, cytology, molecule, physiology and morphology of the Saussurea DC. by former researchers, but there are prodigious disputes remained on the systematic studies of Saussurea DC. So this paper that researched them in cell level has important signification. Which can afford some basic scientific data for the discussion on the systematic relationships of Saussurea DC, and further explotion and ultilization of the Saussurea DC. Studying on the chromosome number, having or no having SAT and B chromosome, the karyotype formulae, the karyotype, arm ratio, relatived length, and karyotypic asymmetry etc, the origin, systemic evolution and taxonomy of 25 species of Saussurea DC. in the Eastern of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have been analysed. The results are listed as follows.1. Chromosome numbers of body cell for 25 species of Saussurea DC. are changed in number for different species, they are 2n=24、26、28、30、32、34 and so on.2. The chromosome complement of 25 species of Saussurea DC. have two types correspondence to centromere and length complement respectively.3. The 25 species of Saussurea DC. have a abandent in karyotype, they are 2A、3A、2B and 3B.4. The ratio of the longest chromosome to the shortest of 25 species of Saussurea DC. range from 1.63:1 in S. variiloba to 2.96:1 in S. pachyneura.5. The index of karyotypic asymmetry of 25 species of Saussurea DC. range from 58.07 in S. pachyneura.to 69.43 in S. ussuriensis.6. The relatived length of 25 species of Saussurea DC.changed indistinctly from 6.26～10.22 in S. variiloba to 4.80～14.08 in S. graminea.7. No satellites have been found in these 25 species of Saussurea DC.8. B chromosome have been found only in S. graminea of 25 species of Saussurea DC. for the fisrt time.9. The result from comparing the characteristic of karyotype among Saussurea DC. shows which is a origin early and differentiation acutely genera.更多还原