【作者】 单玉鹏；

【导师】 高晓阳；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 我国是一个农业大国,但人均占有耕地面积少,为满足食品及营养需求,就需发展水产业,实现工厂化养殖。近年来随着电子技术和信息技术的飞速发展,应用自动控制和电子计算机技术,并结合现代工业技术和现代生物学技术,在半自动或全自动的系统中商业性和科学化的高密度养殖优质鱼、虾、贝,并对全过程实行半封闭或全封闭控制与自动化管理,对提高农业生产效率和促进农业现代化具有重要意义。本课题在分析国内外同类研究的基础上,开发了一种适合多变量、多耦合、非线性、大滞后、很难建立精确数学模型的复杂动态系统的北方鱼池特点和环境条件的分布式水产养殖监控系统,进行了设施农业环境智能化监控系统上下位机的软、硬件设计。主要研究成果有:1.构建了一个由一台PC机(上位机)和多台单片机(下位机)构成的水产养殖池监控系统。整个系统由上位机进行统一调度和管理,每个水产养殖池的数据采集和环境控制由各自的下位机来完成。2.系统下位机以80C196KC单片机为核心,与上位机之间采用传输距离可达1200米的RS-485方式进行通讯。设计了传感器电路,增加了扩展电路。软件采用自下而上结构循环检测。3.系统上位机以Visual Basic为开发工具,设计的监控系统含输出、等模块,界面友好,软件功能强大。上位机既可实时对数据进行采集、分析、存储,并与鱼类所需要的最佳生长环境范围作比较,采取模糊控制方法,输出控制策略。又可以对历史数据进行显示、处理、打印、分析,为研究人员提供科学依据。与上位机连接的RS-485通讯适配器最多可连接250个下位机,系统根据用户需要可实现随时进行系统配置和扩展。4.本系统采用的模糊控制方法,适合于鱼池这样一个多变量、多耦合、非线性、大滞后、很难建立精确数学模型的复杂动态系统,采用它可以方便、精确地对鱼池实行多因子综合控制。5.开发数据库采用的SQL Server,具有良好的数据库设计、管理与网络功能,方便了将来本系统与Internet的连接。本水产养殖监控系统的初步试验结果表明:系统性能稳定,运行可靠,环境温度控制精度达±0.1%,温度的控制范围为0℃—40℃,氧气的控制精度达到了±0.5%,范围是0—10/20ppm。系统节约能源,提高了鱼池的管理自动化水平,提高了鱼池的产量和经济效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Our country is a large agricultural nation, but average per person holds the cultivated area to be few, for satisfies food and the nutrition demand, must develop the aquatic products industry, there alization factorization cultivation. In recent years along with electronic technology and information technology rapid development, application automatic control and electronic accounting machine technology, and union modern industry technology and modern biology technology, in semiautomatic or entire automatic system trade and scientific high density cultivation high quality fish, shrimp, shell, and implements half seal or the entire seal control and the automated management to the entire process, to enhances the agricultural production efficiency and the promotion agriculture modernization has the vital significance.This topic in analyzes the domestic and foreign similar research in the foundation, developed one kind to suit the multi- variables, the multi- couplings, the non-linearity, the big lag, is very difficult to establish the precise mathematical model the complex dynamic system north fishpond characteristic and the environmental condition distributional aquaculture supervisory system, carried in the facility agriculture environment intellectualization supervisory system the lower position machine to be soft, the hardware design. The main research of results includes:1. It has constructed the aquaculture pond supervisory system which (on position machine) and many single chip microcomputers (lower position machine) constitutes by PC machine. The overall system carries on the unification by on position machine to dispatch and to manage, each aquaculture pond data acquisition and the environment control by respective lower position machine completes.2. The systems lower positions machine take the 80C196KC single chip microcomputer as the cores, between uses the transmitting range with on position machine to be possible to reach 1,200 meter RS-485way to carry on the communication. Has designed the sensor electric circuit, increased the expander. Software uses from bottom to top the structure loop check.3. On the system the position machine take Visual Basic as the development kit, the design supervisory system contains the out put, and so on the module, the contact surface in a friendly way, the software function is formidable. On the position machine already may the real-time logarithm according to carry on gathering, the analysis, the memory, and the best habitat scope which needs with the fish does compares, adopts the fuzzy control method, the output control strategy. Also may carry on the demonstration, processing, the printing, the analysis to the historical data, provides the scientific basis for the researcher. Are most with on position machine connection RS - 485 communications adapter may connect 250 lower positions machine, the system needs according to the user to be possible to realize carries on the system disposition and the expansion as necessary.4. This system uses the fuzzy control method, suits to fishpond this kind of more than variables, the multi- couplings, the non-linearity, the big lag, is very difficult to establish the precise mathematical model the complex dynamic system, uses it to be allowed to be convenient, precisely to implement the multi- factors integrated control to the fishpond.5. The developments databases use SQL Server, it has the good database design, the management and the network function nf, has facilitated future this system and the Internet connection.This aquaculture supervisory system trial test result indicated that, System performance stable, the movement is reliable, the ambient temperature control precision reaches±0.1%, the temperature control area is 0℃- 40℃, the oxygen control precision had achieved±0.5%, the scope is 0 - 10/20ppm. The system has saved the energy, raised the fishpond management automation level, and enhanced the fishpond output and the economic efficiency.更多还原