【作者】 李艳；

【导师】 吕钊钦；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 保护性耕作是国际农业技术发展的重要趋势,秸秆还田技术是机械化保护性耕作中关键的一项技术。使用机械化秸秆还田技术可以有效地解决农忙期间争农时、争劳力的矛盾,有力推动秸秆还田的农业全程机械化进程,避免由于焚烧秸秆产生的环境污染。本着一机多用、降低生产成本的原则,研制了既能满足玉米秸秆、根茬直接粉碎还田,又能单独实现旋耕作业的新型多功能玉米秸秆还田机。(1)在对秸秆粉碎及灭茬基本理论分析的基础上,提出多功能玉米秸秆还田机总体结构设计方案。采用卧式结构,主要由悬挂装置、变速箱、皮带传动、秸秆粉碎机构、灭茬旋耕机构、限深滚筒等组成。拖拉机输出动力经万向节传递给变速箱,变速箱一轴经齿轮、皮带轮两级增速后,带动粉碎刀辊工作;另一轴经变速箱、皮带轮变速后带动灭茬旋耕刀辊工作。(2)设计了新型变速箱,实现了秸秆粉碎、灭茬、旋耕的复合或单项作业,结构简单,一机多用。主要由锥齿轮传动、拨叉、拨叉套、滚针轴承等组成。利用拨叉套与从动齿轮的离合来实现粉碎、旋耕动力的分离与结合,从而分别完成秸秆粉碎与灭茬复合作业或旋耕单项作业,实现一机多用之功能。(3)对样机进行了田间试验,作业质量满足农艺要求。试验结果表明:对秸秆和根茬具有良好的切碎效果,秸秆切碎平均长度为5.2 cm,粉碎合格率≥98%,灭茬率≥90%,碎茬抛撒均匀、覆盖率高,作业性能稳定。旋耕单项作业时,旋耕深度可达16 cm,碎土率85.7%,作业后土碎地平,满足农艺要求,可直接进行后续播种作业。更多还原

【Abstract】 The protection cultivation is the most important international agricultural technology development tendency. The smashed straw technology is one essential technology of the mechanized protection cultivation. Using smashed straw machines can effectively solve the problems that striving for time and labour during the busying farming time, and can make the agricultural entire mechanization come to truth. It also can avoid environment pollution caused by straw setting on fire. According to multi-function and reducing production cost, multi-function smashed straw machine was developed. It not only can smash straw together with the stubble and put it back to the farmland to increase the nutrient once time but also can according to our practical necessity to choose rotary tilling single function.(1) On the basic of studying the elementary theory of smashing straw, the integral structure design plan of multi-function machine was introduced.The machine is mainly composed of hanging system, gearbox, belt transmission system, stalk-soil returning roller, rotary tiller roller, and depth limit roller. Power is transmitted from the tractor power output shaft to the gearbox. One shaft of the gearbox is accelerated by both bevel gears and strap transmission. And then it drives the stalk-smashing knives revolving quickly. Another shaft is moved by the bevel gears and strap wheel to drive the rotary tiller working.(2) The innovative point is the design of new gearbox, which has realized the composite work or single work of smashing straw, stubble and rotary tillage for the first time. It makes one machine has two uses.The gearbox is mainly composed of bevel gears, poking fork, clutch, and bearings. Using the separation or union between the clutch and gears, the separation or union of the power can be realized. So, the machine can choose smashed straw work or rotary tillage work. And the intension of bevel gears, belts, axes are checked. (3) The experiment of the machine is carried on the field. The results of the experiment can satisfy the agronomy request.The test result indicates that, the machine has good qualities to smash the straw and stubble. The average length of the smashed straw is 5.2 cm. The smashing qualified rate is 98%. The stubble smashed rate is 90%. The smashed straw is thrown equably. The fraction of coverage is high. The work performance is stable. When the machine chooses the single rotary tillage work, the rotary tillage depth can arrive at 16 cm. The crumble rate is 85.7%. After rotary tillage work, the farmland is smooth. It can satisfy the agronomy request and can carry on the following sowing seeds work directly.更多还原