【作者】 刘兰兰；

【导师】 史春余；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验于2005年6月-2006年10月在山东农业大学农学实验站进行。采用池栽试验的方法,研究了不同腐植酸类肥料对生姜产量和品质形成规律,以及生姜专用腐植酸肥料对土壤环境效应的影响。主要研究结果如下:1生姜施用腐植酸尿素的生物学效应与无肥处理相比,腐植酸、尿素、腐植酸+尿素、腐植酸尿素处理的增幅分别为11.98%、36.49%、55.75%、71.80%,腐植酸尿素增产最显著。与其它各处理相比,腐植酸尿素均提高了生姜的淀粉、可溶性糖、蛋白质、氨基酸、姜辣素和纤维素含量,降低了硝酸盐含量。与尿素相比,腐植酸+尿素和腐植酸尿素明显提高了叶面积系数,叶绿素含量,硝酸还原酶活性,提高了光合性能。提高根系活力,保持较强的吸收系统,使根系保持较高的生理活性,更好的满足生姜对水分和养分的吸收。后期提高了根系中SOD、POD、CAT和可溶性蛋白含量,降低了MDA含量,提高了生姜的细胞膜抗氧化和对逆境的抵抗能力,延缓衰老。腐植酸+尿素和腐植酸尿素明显提高了株高、茎粗、分枝数、单株叶片数,促进了生姜地上部叶片的生长,对生姜整个生长季节的长势有着显著的影响,有助于生姜植株形成较大的营养体。与腐植酸+尿素相比,腐植酸尿素以上各指标的效果更显著。2生姜施用腐植酸钾的生物学效应与无肥处理相比,腐植酸、硫酸钾、腐植酸+硫酸钾、腐植酸钾处理的增幅分别为17.68%、49.20%、56.45%、76.68%。与其它各处理相比,腐植酸钾均提高了生姜的可溶性糖、姜辣素和纤维素含量,降低了淀粉、蛋白质、氨基酸、硝酸盐含量。与硫酸钾相比,腐植酸+硫酸钾和腐植酸钾明显提高了叶面积系数,叶绿素含量,硝酸还原酶活性,提高了光合性能。还能提高根系活力,保持较强的吸收系统,使根系保持较高的生理活性,更好的满足生姜对水分和养分的吸收。后期提高了根系中SOD、POD、CAT和可溶性蛋白含量,降低了MDA含量,提高了生姜的细胞膜抗氧化和对逆境的抵抗能力,延缓衰老。腐植酸+硫酸钾和腐植酸钾明显提高了提高了株高、茎粗、分枝数、单株叶片数,促进了生姜地上部叶片的生长,对生姜整个生长季节的长势有着显著的影响,有助于生姜植株形成较大的营养体。与腐植酸+硫酸钾相比,腐植酸钾以上各指标的效果更显著。3腐植酸复混肥对生姜产量品质形成和根际土壤环境的影响生姜专用腐植酸复混肥能明显提高株高、分枝数、单株叶片数。促进了生姜地上部叶片的生长,提高了硝酸还原酶活性、叶绿素含量,提高了光合性能。生姜专用腐植酸复混肥提高了生姜对N、P、K的吸收量。对生姜整个生长季节的长势有着显著的影响,有助于生姜植株形成较大的营养体。生姜专用腐植酸复混肥提高了土壤有机质含量,土壤全氮、碱解氮和速效磷含量。生姜专用腐植酸复混肥提高活跃生物量,土壤呼吸,增加土壤微生物生物量。生姜专用腐植酸复混肥对土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶活性都有明显的提高作用。生姜专用腐植酸复混肥对生姜产量的提高达到极显著差异。与无肥处理相比,腐植酸、等无机养分、生姜专用腐植酸复混肥处理增幅分别为24.34 %、69.10 %、89.35%。生姜专用腐植酸复混肥提高了生姜的可溶性糖、姜辣素含量,降低了淀粉、蛋白质和纤维素含量。更多还原

【Abstract】 This experiment was carried out at the experimental station of Shandong Agricultural University from June 2005 to October 2006. The forming rule of yield and quality of different humic acid fertilizers on ginger and the effect of ginger specific humic acid fertilizer on the soil environment have been studied in pondlet culture. The main results were as follows:1 Biological Effects of Humic acid urea fertilizer on gingerComparing with non-fertilizer treatment, the yield of HA treatment, urea treatment and mixed HA and urea fertilizer treatment and Humic acid urea fertilizer treatment respectively increased yield by 22.15%, 63.00%, 66.72% and 82.61%. Comparing with the other treatment, Humic acid urea fertilizer significantly increased starch content, soluble sugar content, protein content, amino acid content, pungent compounds content, fibrin content, but reduced NO3- content.Comparing with urea treatment, Humic acid + urea treatment and Humic acid urea treatment significantly increased the growth of leaf, HR active, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis. Humic acid + urea treatment and Humic acid urea treatment increased the root system activity, maintained high absorb system and satisfied the absorbing of water and nutrient of ginger. Humic acid + urea treatment and Humic acid urea treatment increased the SOD content,POD content,CAT content , soluble protein content and reduced MDA content in root. Humic acid + urea treatment and Humic acid urea treatment increased the antioxidant of cell membrane, resistance of stress and aging period was delayed. Humic acid + urea treatment and Humic acid urea treatment significantly increased the plant height, stem diameter, branch number, leaf number per plant and make ginger for biggish oxysporum.The treatment of Humic acid urea is better than Humic acid + urea.2 Biological Effects of potassium humate fertilizer on gingerComparing with non-fertilizer treatment, the yield of sulphate-potassium treatment, Humic acid + sulphate-potassium treatment and potassium humate fertilizer treatment respectively increased yield by 8.88%、46.73%、51.64%、61.29%. Comparing with the other treatment, potassium humate fertilizer significantly increased soluble sugar content, pungent compounds content, fibrin content, but reduced starch content protein content, amino acid content, and NO3- content.Comparing with sulphate-potassium treatment, Humic acid + sulphate-potassium treatment and potassium humate treatment significantly increased HR active, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, accelerated the growth of leaf, increase the root system activity and kept the root high phyosiological activity. Humic acid + sulphate-potassium treatment and potassium humate treatment increased SOD content,POD content,CAT content, soluble protein content and reduced MDA content. Humic acid + sulphate-potassium treatment and potassium humate reatment increased the antioxidant of cell membrane, resistance of stress and aging period was delayed. Humic acid + sulphate-potassium treatment and potassium humate reatment significantly the plant height, stem diameter, branch number, leaf number per plant and make ginger for biggish oxysporum. The treatment of potassium humate better than Humic acid + sulphate-potassium.3 Effects of ginger specific humic acid fertilizer on the forming of yield & quality and rhizosphereGinger specific humic acid fertilizer significantly increased the plant height, branch number, leaf number per plant and make ginger for biggish oxysporum.Ginger specific humic acid fertilizer increased HR active, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and accelerated the growth of leaf. Ginger specific humic acid fertilizer increased the absorption amount of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium.Ginger specific humic acid fertilizer increased the soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content. Ginger specific humic acid fertilizer increased active microbial biomass, soil,s respiration and soil,s carbon.Ginger specific humic acid fertilizer obviously increased the urease activity, invertase activity and acid phosphatase activity.Ginger specific humic acid fertilizer significantly increased the yield. Comparing with non-fertilizer treatment, the yield of HA treatment, the equal abio-nutrient treatment and the ginger specific humic acid fertilizer treatment respectively increased yield by 24.34 %、69.10 %、89.35%.Ginger specific humic acid fertilizer significantly increased soluble sugar content, pungent compounds content, but reduced starch content protein content and fibrin content.更多还原