【作者】 张一梁；

【导师】 陈会英；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 连续十多年作为财政收入第一大来源的烟草加工业是我国国民经济的基础产业。因此,国家对烟草加工业实行专卖制度,通过颁布《烟草专卖法》及一系列相关法规政策建立国有专卖体系。但是近年来我国烟草加工业却存在市场结构零散、市场绩效低下、地方市场分割和行政垄断等问题,成为本文研究中国烟草加工产业组织的基点。本文的提出就是要尝试回答上述若干问题。本文主要引入产业组织学和制度经济学的理论框架和方法论,以专卖制度的影响与转变为研究视角,针对中国烟草加工业存在的产业组织问题,剖析中国烟草加工业产业组织市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效等,提出解决的方法。文章主体分为三部分:第一部分以中国烟草加工业的竞争优势为研究的前提。通过与国外先进厂商的比较和竞争优势的因素分析,得出中国烟草加工业在全球范围内具有的竞争优势和竞争劣势,为下文的论述打下了基础。第二部分以实证性的方法研究了中国烟草加工产业组织的特点。本部分首先在传统的产业组织分析范式的基础上,运用SCP分析框架对市场结构、市场行为、市场绩效展开实证研究得出:市场结构与市场绩效之间存在非一致性,即具有企业数目众多分散、规模狭小、规模经济偏低、行政性壁垒居高不下等问题的市场结构属于分散竞争性特点,但是垄断性的市场行为和低下的市场绩效却都与垄断性紧密相关。然后在这种非一致性的启发下,利用制度经济学的理论,运用定量分析和定性分析相结合的方法,研究考察了烟草专卖制度对市场绩效的影响,进而分析专卖制度的历史、市场分割及其产生动因。结果发现市场结构与市场绩效之间不是简单的结构决定绩效的关系,制度因素与中国烟草加工业市场绩效也存在着显著的相关性,专卖制度也对市场绩效产生了较大的影响,正是专卖制度的存在以及由此而来的市场分割造成了市场结构与市场绩效之间的非一致性。第三部分以规范性方法研究了中国烟草加工业存在的的社会福利损失,在理论上阐述了社会福利损失纠正的必要性和可能性,为中国烟草加工业的变革,特别是烟草专卖制度的变革提供了理论依据。本文在此基础上提出了一些有关烟草加工产业组织优化以及烟草专卖制度变革的可行性建议和措施,希望为烟草加工业在今后选择哪条道路做出前瞻。本文的创新之处在于以中国烟草加工业的统计数据为基础,运用产业组织中SCP框架分析中国烟草加工业,提出并验证了市场结构与市场绩效的非一致性。利用线性回归对烟草加工业市场结构、市场绩效与专卖制度建立评价模型,评价了在市场结构部分决定市场绩效的同时,指出市场结构与市场绩效的非一致性来自于烟草专卖制度的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tobacco industry is a basic industry in China national economy and the largest source of revenue of Chinese government. Therefore, the government established a tobacco monopoly system by enacting Tobacco Monopoly Law, and a series of regulations and policies to establish the monopoly system. There many problems in Chinese tobacco industry such as concentration is low, scale of the enterprise is small, Market segmentation and administrative monopoly the problems that exist in Chinese tobacco industry, became basis points of the study on Chinese tobacco industry organizations.This paper is to try to answer some of these problems, using industry economics and institutional economics theory as frameworks and methodology, using compare, empirical research and regulatory research. Regard the industrial organization and monopoly system as a focal point, the analysis of the Chinese tobacco industry statusThe article is divided into three main parts.In PartⅠ,regard Chinese tobacco industry’s competitive advantages as a precondition. Through Comparison with advanced foreign companies and factor analysis, identified tobacco industry its position in the global context, built up a foundation for the discussion.In PartⅡ, using empirical methods, to study Chinese tobacco industry’s characteristics using SCP analytical framework get those conclusions. The market structure is inconsistent with the market performance. The market structure has some issues that having a large number and scattered enterprises, small-scale, low economies of scale and high administrative barriers which are characteristics of market decentralized competition. But monopolistic market behavior and lower performance are closely related to monopoly. Then with the inspiration of that non-consistency, using the institutional economics theory and the composite methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis , it has studied on the tobacco monopoly system’s impact on the market performance and further analyzed the history, market segmentation and the cause of the monopoly system. As a result, it found that the market structure and market performance was not a simple decision relationship, system factors and the market performance of tobacco industry in China also exist significant relevance. Monopoly system also has a greater impact on the market performance. It is monopoly system that caused the non-uniformity between the market structure and performance.In PartⅢ,using standardized methods study on social welfare losses of the Chinese tobacco industry. Introduce the necessity and possibility to correct the losses.Provide a theoretical basis on China’s tobacco industry, especially tobacco monopoly system reform. This paper presents a number of recommendations and measures about Tobacco industry organization optimization and tobacco monopoly system reform. Hope benefit the tobacco industry’s development in futureThe innovations in this paper are using the statistical data in SCP analytical framework get those conclusions.The market structure is inconsistent with the market performance; using linear regression model determine the relationship among the market structure, monopoly system and the market performance. Results revealed monopoly system leads to inconsistent between the market structure and the market performance.更多还原