【作者】 张守仕；

【导师】 彭福田；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 果树学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 分别在实验室和大田条件下研究了袋控缓释肥养分释放特性,并以中华寿桃为试材,研究了肥料袋控缓释对土壤有效养分含量、氮素利用率及生长结果的影响。结果表明:1.以水溶液浸提法评价袋控缓释肥养分释放特性,在袋容积相同条件下,氮、磷、钾养分释放速率主要受纸袋微孔排数影响,微孔排数越多,养分释放越快;在微孔排数相同的条件下,袋容积越小养分释放越快;不同温度条件下,随浸提液温度升高,养分释放加快;氮、磷、钾三种养分相比,氮素最快,磷素最慢,钾素介于二者之间。与相同控释周期的颗粒包膜肥比较,袋控缓释肥释放快,控释周期显著缩短。2.田间条件下,养分释放速率同样受纸袋微孔排数与袋容积影响。但各种情况下养分释放均可以用二次曲线模拟,相关系数达0.95以上,并且与相同控释周期的颗粒包膜肥释放曲线基本一致。相同规格的袋控缓释肥在不同土壤条件下释放速率不同,在粘壤土条件下释放速率显著高于沙壤土。不同微孔排数的袋控缓释肥,控释周期可能相差不大,但不同时期的释放量存在差异。3.袋控缓释肥料养分供应稳定持久,土壤Nmin、有效磷、有效钾显著高于散施处理,可以在桃树整个生长季节维持土壤有效养分较高的浓度,施肥点附近土壤Nmin维持在100～150mg/kg、有效磷在150mg/kg、有效钾在700mg/kg,减少氮素的流失和挥发、磷素的固定;15N示踪实验显示,肥料袋控缓释处理显著提高桃树氮素利用率,氮素利用率是一次散施、二次散施的2.5倍和2倍。4.与散施处理相比,肥料袋控缓释处理能显著提高叶片叶绿素含量,增加施肥区细根密度,并且桃树新梢能适期停止生长,有利于营养的积累与器官的充实分化,从而显著提高了果实产量与品质。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nutrient release characteristic of bag-controlled fertilizer was studied both in field and laboratory. Effects of bag-controlled fertilizer on soil available nutrients concentration, nitrogen utilization rate and peach production were studied. The results showed as follows:1. Nutrients release characteristic of bag-controlled fertilizer was evaluated by water extraction method. Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium release rate were determined by the row of microhole of bag, when the bag has same volume. The more rows of microhole the bag have the quicker nutrient release. Small package of bag-controlled release fertilizer released quicker than the big one, as both have same rows of microhole. As temperature of extracted water increased, nutrient release rate improved. Nitrogen released quicker than potassium, and potassium released quicker than phosphorous. Nutrient release of bag-controlled fertilizer was quicker than coated fertilizer, and controlled release period decreased significantly.2. Like in water extraction condition, nutrient release rate was also determined by rows of microhole of bag and volume of bag, in field condition. The nutrient release curve could be simulated by second-order equation, r2>0.95, and it was same to the coated controlled release fertilizer which have same controlled release period. Nutrient release was different when bag-controlled fertilizer applied to different soil types. It released significantly quicker in stick soil than in sand soil. There were little differences between different rows of microholes’bag on controlled release period, but the release course was differen.3. AS bag-controlled fertilizer released nutrients steadily and incessancily, the soil Nmin, available phosphorous and available potassium concentrations were higher than those of fertilizer spread application treatment signifficantly. It kept soil nutrients concentration at a higher level during peach growth period. Nmin, available phosphorous and available potassium concentrations near fertilzer application site were at 100~150mg/kg, 150mg/kg, 700mg/kg respectively. Bag controlled-release fertilizer increased the N utilization rate significantly; N utilization rate was 2 and 2.5 times as high as fertilizer being spread application in one and two time treatments respectively.4. Compared with spread application, bag-controlled fertilizer treatment increased chlorophyll content of leaf significantly, and the density of fine root in fertilized region. The shoot stopped growth at proper time and it was benefit for nutrition cumulation and organ differentiation, so it increased yield and quality of peach significantly.更多还原