【作者】 张翠红；

【导师】 牟志美； 崔为正；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 特种经济动物饲养， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 我国具有5500多年的栽桑养蚕历史,对世界蚕丝业的发展作出了突出贡献,2003年11月15日率先向世界公布第一个家蚕基因组‘框架图’,向世界宣布新丝绸之路元年的开始。然而,根据对国内外现有研究成果的统计,我国对家蚕生理学基础理论研究的贡献率却不足8 %。这一现状与我国作为世界蚕丝大国的地位极不相称。几十年来,国、内外蚕丝业研究集中于以增丝高产为目的的家蚕幼虫,对成虫组织、器官的生理、发生机制的研究相对滞后,特别是对羽化后家蚕蛾从封闭茧中“脱茧而出”生理过程的认识,仍停留在上世纪七十年代日本学者江口正治的研究水平上,对该过程所涉及的关键酶——溶茧酶的合成、分泌生理、生化机制不明确。有鉴于此,本文用光镜技术、电镜技术、组织化学、酶活力测定等方法对家蚕变态期间消化器官的结构和功能进行了研究,重点是与溶茧酶分泌相关器官的结构和功能。以丰富家蚕生理学的内容,并为开展其他鳞翅目昆虫的相关研究提供参考。主要取得如下结果:1.用光学显微镜和透射电镜观察了家蚕变态期间下颚、中肠、嗉囊和涎腺的结构。结果表明,蛹第7日到羽化前1日的成虫下颚、中肠和涎腺,均具有分泌细胞的结构特征,并可观察到活跃的分泌现象,而嗉囊中没有观察到分泌细胞的特征。2.用组织化学的方法,观察了下颚和中肠中蛋白质、糖类、脂肪的分布情况。结果表明,下颚上皮细胞蛋白质被染成蓝色,中肠中蛋白质、糖类和脂肪分别被染成蓝色、紫红色和黄色。说明下颚中含有丰富的蛋白质,中肠上皮细胞和内容物中均含有丰富的蛋白质,并含有一定量的糖类和脂肪。3.通过酶活力检测发现,下颚、中肠和涎腺中都存在活性较高的蛋白酶、酯酶和纤维蛋白水解酶活力,说明下颚、中肠和涎腺均具有分泌溶茧酶的功能。而嗉囊中没有检测到三种酶的活力,说明嗉囊不是溶茧酶的来源器官。4.对变态期间中肠内容物进行了测定。结果表明,中肠内容物的主要成分是蛋白质、脂质和糖等营养物质,在化蛹第9日以后中肠内容物的质量迅速减少,可能是因内容物被消化吸收所致,因此中肠在变态期间可能具有贮存和释放营养物质的功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Our country has 5500 years’history on planting mulberries and sericiculture. It makes great contributions to the world silk industry and first announces the first draft of the silkworm genome in 15th Nov, 2003. however, our contribution to the theory foundation of silkworm physiology is no more than 8%. There is still a large grap between our country and the world silky recognitions. With the finish of the draft of the silkworm gene, it requires to research the theory foundation.However, the recent research on the silkworm lay importances on the grub, the struction、physiology、and mechanism of imago lags behind. Especially the eclusion physiology still rest on the Jiangkou’research level during 1970s. it is unclear that the synthesize、secretion physiology and mechanism of the key enzyme-cocoonase.SStructure and function of the peptic was carried out by optical microscope、transmitting electron microscopy、histochemistry and enzyme activity in Bombyx mori during the pupal-adult metamorphosis. Lay emphasis on the organs relate to the cocoonase secretion. The base for further study of other Lepidoptera was established. The main results were showed as the followings:1. Structure of maxilla、midgut、craw and salivary was carried out by optical microscope and transmitting electron microscopy, the result showed that, a mass of secretary epithelium and active secretaries character existed in maxilla、midgut and salivary from the 7th day after pupation to 1 day before emergence ,but in the craw the secretaries character was not founded.2.Histochemical method was used to observe the special stain of maxilla and midgut including protein、glucide and fat, result showed that, the maxilla was stained blue, the protein、glucide and fat of midgut was respective stained blue, aubergine and yellow.3.Tissues proteins of maxilla、midgut and salivary were prepared, by the method of enzyme activity observation it showed that have higher protease activity, esterase activity and fibrinolytic activity. It was concluded that the possible origin of cocoonase was maxilla、midgut and salivary. However, in craw , the three enzyme activities was not founded. It was concluded that the craw don’t secrete cocoonase.4. Also researched weight and the ingredient in pupal midgut during the pupal-adult metamorphosis, it showed that protein, carbohydrate and fat are major components. The weight of the midgut decrease rapidly on the 7th day after pupation, the possible reason is the weight was assimilated and absorbed. It showed that the midgut have the function of storaging nutrients and still have the function of assimilating and absorbing.更多还原