微型化学燃料电池的研究

【作者】 孟庆旭；

【导师】 邱成军；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江大学 ， 微电子学与固体电子学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 燃料电池是一种通过电化学反应,持续地将燃料和氧化剂的化学能直接转化成电能的发电装置,而直接甲醇燃料电池(Direct Methanol Fuel Cell,简称DMFC)是直接利用甲醇作为阳极燃料的质子交换膜燃料电池,它无需甲醇转氢装置,具有系统结构简单、体积能量密度高、燃料补充方便、工作温度低、启动快等优点,特别适用于便携式移动电源、电动汽车以及军事、太空等。本文利用MEMS技术制造了一个微型直接甲醇燃料电池。设计、制备、组装了DMFC单电池系统,为DMFC的实用化研究迈出第一步。这个DMFC结构是通过硅的双面光刻,KOH溶液各向异性腐蚀制作而成。直接甲醇燃料电池的阳极、阴极腔体在Intellisuit软件中通过各向异性腐蚀技术被仿真出来。根据模拟结果,设计直接甲醇燃料电池的有效面积为19200μm×19200μm,然后对其性能进行测试。在常压下研究了不同温度、甲醇溶液不同浓度以及不同流速对直接甲醇燃料电池性能的影响。实验结果显示输出功率会随着温度的升高而变大,同时甲醇水溶液浓度的增加也会影响到输出功率,以溶液浓度2M最为理想。当将80℃甲醇水溶液的流速为0.8mL/min注入阳极反应腔时,这个直接甲醇燃料电池就在常压下得到了最大的输出功率3mW,此时单电池的开路电压为0.35V。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fuel cell is a kind of device that can continuously convert chemical energy of fuel and oxidant into electrical energy directly by electrochemical reactions. Direct Methanol Fuel Cell(DMFC) was one of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with methanol as anode fuel, which have the advantages as followings: no reforming instrument from methanol to hydrogen, simple system structure, high ratio of volume energy density, convenient fuel supply, low working temperature, quick start and so on. It was especially suitable for mobile power, electric vehicles and military affairs, aerospace and other applications.In this paper a micro direct methanol fuel cell is completed using MEMS technology. As the first step of future application, we designed, prepared and installed the single cell system of DMFC. The structure of DMFC is fabricated using double side lithography and KOH anisotropy etching. The cavity of DMFC is simulated with anisotropy etch technology by the software of Intellisuit. Through the results of the simulation, its active area is designed as 19200μm×19200μm, and then the performance of DMFC is tested. The performance of a direct methanol fuel cell affected by varying temperature, methanol concentration and flow velocity at atmospheric pressure is studied. The result of experiment shows that output power increased with the increasing temperature and the optimal methanol concentration is 2M. This DMFC generates the maximum large output power of 3mW at 80℃at the atmospheric pressure, when the water solution of methanol is injected into the cavity of anode with the flow velocity at 0.8mL/min. At this time, the open circuit voltage is 0.35V.更多还原