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贸易型纺织标准体系的建立研究
Study on the Establishment of Trade-Oriented Textile Standard System
【作者】 赵霞;
【作者基本信息】 东华大学 , 纺织材料与纺织品设计, 2007, 硕士
【摘要】 我国的纺织标准体系是建国后参照前苏联的纺织标准体系制定的,对计划经济下的纺织厂生产管理具有指导意义。进入市场经济后,对标准进行清理和修订的工作却一直在沿用老的标准体系,结果造成了标准越来越多却很难在贸易中发挥应有的作用。本文首次系统地比较和研究了我国纺织品主要贸易国家,如美国、日本和欧盟成员国的纺织品标准体系,彻底了解清楚了我国与国外纺织品标准的现状。在测试方法标准方面提出了我国标准的具体改革建议和研究方法路线;在产品标准方面建立了符合我国国情的贸易型服用织物和家纺用织物产品标准框架,是集标准和标准体系为一体的综合性软科学研究课题。在测试方法标准方面,以前采标的主导思想是结合中国国情,充分考虑国内现有的设备和工艺条件,以“非等效”或“参照”采用的方式居多,因此标准体系仍然存在缺乏系统性。研究纤维测试方法标准发现,测试项目内容设置分散重复,需要整合,其中最典型的为纤维定量分析标准。我国标准设置情况是一种混纺配伍组合对应一个标准,类似这样的标准设置思路是造成我国标准间内容重复,标准数量却不断增加的根本原因。针对这种情况,结合国外标准与我国现状,从四个方面提出了整合的具体建议,主要思想是将内容上有关联的标准整理为一个有机整体;某些考核项目可以在满足贸易生产的条件下,增强通用性与综合性;方法原理、操作步骤相近或相同的测试方法标准合并为通用标准;按纤维大类来划分标准。纱线与织物的测试方法标准方面,目前迫切需要解决的问题不是标准体系的整合,而是不同标准体系间由于测试方法差异带来的实验结果间没有可比性的问题,这个问题直接影响到无法真正建立与国际接轨的产品标准。本文对不同标准测试方法的“水洗尺寸变化率”实验数据进行了探索性研究,结果表明不同国家的方法测得的结果具有较高的相关性,线性回归方程显著。因而可以利用回归方程来比较国内外产品标准的具体差异,为真正建立与国际接轨的产品标准考核要求奠定基础。在产品标准方面,本文对纤维、纱线、织物(服用织物与家用纺织品织物)的中外产品标准进行了详细的比较研究,其中重点研究了织物产品标准。服用织物产品标准方面,通过对我国标准与ASTM标准的主要考核指标的比较发现,我国生产型标准的内容已经与目前的贸易需要严重脱节。而Fabrics China标准与检测体系与ASTM标准为代表的国际通用贸易型标准,都为国内产品标准向贸易型标准转化指明了方向。结合以上因素,本文在服用织物产品分类与将测试项目分为强制性、推荐性与功能性三大类的基础上,创造性地提出了兼具系统性与兼容性的我国贸易型服用织物产品标准的具体框架。家纺用织物产品标准方面,在对国内标准与ASTM、BS、JIS标准广泛研究的基础上,结合对上海地区家纺企业的走访与调研总结出的各类家纺产品的常做检测项目与常发性不合格项目等结论,沿着与服用织物标准相同的框架,制定出了具体的贸易型家纺用织物产品标准体系。
【Abstract】 Chinese textile standards established on the basis of guiding the progress of production. While we enter the market economy era, we are still using the old textile standard system which shows some disadvantages such as inferior compatibility and systematization.In this thesis, the textile standard systems of Chinese and overseas including America, Japan, European Union and its member countries etc have been compared and investigated. Some suggestions and measures concerning the establishment of trade-oriented textile standard system were given.Regarding to test method standard, the setting of Chinese standard is not systemic, that is why the contents of textile standards are often iterant and the number of them is always increasing. For instance, the amount of test method standard for fiber quantitative analysis is far more numerous in China. In our old routine, while new blended textiles produced, one standard will be established. So new standards implemented endlessly, and the principles of new standards are iterant. In order to make the textile standards systematically, four suggestions on how to reconstruct the standard were given in this thesis.The test methods of different standard system are different, we can’t directly compare the test results and draft the product standards level international. In this thesis, the different test methods and results of dimensional changes in laundering of woven and knitted fabrics was investigated. The equations about the relationships of the difference were got, which made it easer to comparing the results between different test methods.Fiber, yarn and fabric product standards were investigated, especially fabric product standards. The clothing fabric product standards being implemented in China can’t match the needs of trade. After investigating ASTM standards and other advanced standard systems, innovative trade-oriented clothing fabric standard frame was established. Also based on widely research on Chinese standards and oversea standards such as ASTM, BS, JIS etc, questionnaire and visiting, the integrated and trade-oriented home-textiles fabric standard was established.
【Key words】 textile standard; standard system; test method standard; product standard; trade-oriented standard;
- 【网络出版投稿人】 东华大学 【网络出版年期】2008年 09期
- 【分类号】F426.81
- 【下载频次】389