【作者】 李翠菊；

【导师】 喻光明；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 生态环境是人类生存和发展的基础。人口的急剧增加和资源的不合理利用，使生态系统自身的协调能力不断下降，人类生存的环境呈现出越来越脆弱的趋势。随着我国生态环境的日益恶化，对区域生态环境脆弱性的研究也越来越多。生态环境脆弱性受诸多因素的影响，一般而言可分为自然因素和人为因素两大类。造成区域生态环境脆弱的原因有其先天的自然背景，人类可以通过合理调节和建设改良先天比较脆弱的生态环境；反之，人类不合理利用甚至破坏环境，就会使本来较好的环境变成脆弱生态环境。因此，生态环境的脆弱性是相对而言的，绝对稳定的生态系统是不存在的。在稳定的生态系统和脆弱的生态环境之间没有不可逾越的鸿沟，随着人类改造自然的活动规模和强度持续增大，往往造成一些相对稳定的生态系统功能失调并发生退化而变为脆弱的生态系统。土地整理是人类活动对农田生态系统的强烈干扰。自2000年在全国范围内开展第一批土地整理活动以来，土地整理中相关问题也随之成为研究热点。土地整理是影响区域生态环境的重要方式，各项工程措施会对土壤性状、生物多样性、生态系统稳定性等有一定的负面影响。本文从土地整理对区域生态环境脆弱性的影响着手，探讨生态环境脆弱性的测度问题。通过对研究区脆弱因子的分析，得出影响研究区生态环境脆弱性的因素主要为气候因素、地貌因素、土壤因素、病虫害和人类活动。为了评价研究区土地整理前后生态环境脆弱度的变化情况，本文引入了数学模型进行定量计算，并得出土地整理活动能在一定程度上改善区域生态环境。本文共分五大部分：第一部分为绪论。简要论述了生态脆弱性的研究背景，国内外研究进展，本研究的意义和总体思路。第二部分为理论研究。主要论述了生态脆弱性的概念，脆弱生态环境的成因与类型，以及生态脆弱性的评估，为研究区生态环境脆弱性的测度奠定了理论基础。第三部分探讨土地整理活动对区域生态环境脆弱性的影响及评估。土地整理会对区域生态环境造成很大影响，不适当的土地整理方式、方法和技术措施，可使土壤性状发生变化，生物多样性减少，农田生态系统稳定性下降，对农地生产力构成潜在的不良影响以致使土地退化。本文运用综合指数加权求和评价模型来计算土地整理前后生态环境脆弱度。第四部分为个例研究。以湖北省崇阳县肖岭乡、沙坪镇基本农田整理项目为例，通过对研究区生态脆弱因子的分析，根据综合指数加权求和模型来计算生态环境脆弱度。结果表明，土地整理活动使区域生态环境脆弱度降低。通过各项工程的生态设计，可使土地整理对区域生态环境的负面影响减到最小。第五部分为结论。全面总结了本文的主要观点，指出了文章的创新点和进一步的研究方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 The ecosystem environment is the foundation of human’s survival and development. The rapid increment of the population and the unreasonable exploitation of resources make ecosystem’s coordination ability decend continuously, and the living environment of mankind becomes more and more vulnerable.With the ecosystem environment of our country increasingly worsen, the reseach on regional ecosystem’s vulnerability has sprung up. The ecosystem environmental vulnerability is influenced by many factors, which, generally speaking, can be divided into natural factor and human factors. The factors that result in the regional ecosystem environmental vulnerability have inborn natural background. The mankind can use reasonable adjustment and construction to improve the connate alternative vulnerable environment; on the contrary, the unreasonable exploitation or destruction of environment will destroy the originally benign environment and lead to vulnerable ecosystem environment.Therefore, the vulnerability of ecosystem environment is relative, and the absolute stable ecosystem acturally doesn’t exist. There is not a wall between the stable ecosystem and the vulnerable one, along with the range and scale of human activity remodelling of nature continuously enlarging, usually the function of the relatively stable ecosystem will be out of balance even degenerate to frail ecosystem.The land consolidation is a stronge disturbance what the mankind exerts on the agroecosystem. Since 2000 the first batch of land consolidation projects start off in our country, the related problems have also comes to studying hot spots. The land consolidation is an important way which effectes the regional ecosystem environment, and the unreasonable engineering measures have some negative influences such as soil character,biodiversify, and ecosystem stability. This article begins with the influences what the land consolidation imparts to the regional ecosystem vulnerability, exploring the measure of ecosystem vulnerability.Through the analysis of the vulnerable factors, we get the factors which effect the regional vulnerability are mainly weather , geography, soil, insects and mankind’s activities. In order to eveluate the vulnerable degree of the region, the article introduces the mathematics model to measure the vulnerability, and considers the land consolidation activity can improve the regional ecosystem environment to some extent. This article is divided into five parts.The first part is the introduction. It briefly elaborated the reseach background of the ecosystem vulnerability, the domestic and foreign reseach progress, the reseach significance and the overall thought of this article.The second part is the theoretical reseach part. It mainly discuss the concept of the ecosystem vulnerbility, the cause and type of vulnerable environment, and the eveluation, which make a theoretical foundation for the measure of the regional vulnerability.The third part discusses the influences and eveluation of the regional ecosystem environmental vulnerability from the land consolidation. The land conslidation will make a great influence to the regional environment, the unreasonable method, way and technical measure of land consolidation will change the soil character, reduce the biodiversity, make the stability of the farm ecosystem descend, and cause a so potential bad influence to the farm productivity that make the land degenerate. The article uses comprehensive-index-weighted-sum model to calculate the vulnerable degree of the ecosystem environment before and after the land consolidation.The fourth part is the case shudy. Take the land consolidation project of Xiaoling and Shaping village Chongyang town in Hubei Province as an example, through analysis of the vunerable factors for the studying region, then use the comprehensive-index-weighted-sum model to calculate the degree of ecosystem vulnerbility. The assessment results show that the land consolidation activity can make the regional environmental vulnerable degree lower. What’s more, the negative influences of the land consolidation to the regional environment will reduce to the smallest degree through the ecological design of all engineering.The fifth part is the conclusion. It makes a comprehensive summary to the content, and points out the innovation of this article and the further reseach direction.更多还原