【作者】 高军波；

【导师】 龚胜生；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国经济的快速发展，城市化的进程加快，城市化对我国社会、经济、资源、环境、人口承载力、资源承载力都具有强烈的影响。这些问题的研究不仅是当今的学术研究热点，而且是社会可持续发展的需要，探索它们的发生发展规律和演化机制，提供可行性对策和宏观决策系统，使社会-经济-环境系统实现良性循环。本文以生态足迹理论为指导，依据1995-2005年河南省统计年鉴收录数据，借助统计分析软件Spass 11.0，对河南省城市化进程及其生态环境变化展开具体分析，以探索城市化过程中生态环境问题产生的基本规律及其变化趋势，进而提出促进城市化和生态环境协调发展的相应对策。随着城市化的不断发展，城市人口急剧膨胀、城镇土地快速扩张，一些影响城市发展的问题也接踵而至。城市化与生态环境危机的实质是人与自然关系的危机，人的活动和价值选择决定着城市的发展模式，所以调整人的活动方式可以实现城市化和生态环境的和谐发展。河南省的人均生态足迹和生态赤字比较大，且城市化进程使它们逐年加大。生态足迹和生态赤字分别从1995年的1.25876 hm~2/cap和0.922331hm~2/cap逐渐增大到2005年的2.40246 hm~2/cap和1.975508 hm~2/cap，在过去的11年间分别增长了47.6％和53.3％，超过了全球人均生态足迹的生态阀值(2 hm~2/cap)，说明河南省城市化进程对自然资源的消费已经对本地及周边其他地区造成了生态压力，已处于不可持续发展状态，且有恶化的趋势。从1995—2005年，河南省人均万元GDP的生态足迹呈下降趋势，降幅达44.5％，反映城市化使河南省对资源的利用效益提高，可持续发展能力正在不断提高；河南省生态足迹构成以耕地和化石燃料用地为主，且近11来以一年一个百分点的速度递增，2005年二者占总足迹高达64.4％；而生态承载力(足迹供给)90％以上来源于耕地，其次是建筑用地和林地；生态承载力增长以建筑用地增加速度最快。城市化对生态环境的胁迫作用的直接表现在于人口增长与迁移、经济扩张与推进、地域扩展及景观改变，在此过程中对生态环境影响作用大小依次为：人口城市化，经济城市化，社会城市化，空间城市化。提出实现河南省城市化和生态环境和谐发展的3种途径：实施城市生态规划、城市生态建设和城市生态管理。城市规划应当适应生态文明时代的发展要求，实现“生态化”，即规划体系、行政体系和运作体系应运用生态思想、方法与技术来实现变革，以保证规划的科学性和生态理性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the great speed of economic development, the acceleration progress of urbanization, the urbanization has great impact on the society, economy, environment and the carrying capacity of population of our society. Study on the problems is not only the hot subject, but also the need of the sustainable development of the society, and the exploration of the laws of their development and evolution mechanism can provide feasible countermeasures and macro decision-making to make the system of society-economy- environment a benign circulation. According to ecological footprint theory and data from Henan Statistical Yearbook from 1995 to 2005, using the statistical assaying software Spass11.0, this paper analyzes embodied the process of urbanization in Henan province and its eco-environment changes to explore the basic rule and trend of the eco- environment problem in the course of urbanization, and put forward encounter measures to enhance harmonious development between urbanization and eco-environment.With the continuous development of urbanization, there has a rapid expansion of the urban population and a rapid expansion of urban land, Also come a series of problems that affect urban development. The nature of the crisis between urbanization and eco-environment is the crisis of man and nature. Urban development model is been decided by man’s activities and value chose, so it is possible to realize harmonious development between urbanization and eco-environment by means of adjusting the activities.The number of per capita ecological footprint and ecological deficit in Henan province is much greater and increasing year by year. Ecological footprint and Ecological deficit has increased from 1.25876 hm~2/cap and 0.922331 hm~2/cap in 1995 to 2.40246 hm~2/cap and 1.975508 hm~2/cap 2005, which has increased to 47.6% and 53.3% respectively and has overed Global average per capita ecological threshold. the urbanization in Henan province has coursed ecological press to local and around region through consumer all kinds of nature recourses, which means Henan province is in the state of unsustainable development and has a trend of deterioration.From 1995 to 2005,the ecological footprint of ten thou. and Yuan GDP in Henan province has been induced by 44.5%,which reflect urbanization has improved the efficiency in the use of resources and the ability of sustainable development has enhanced. Henan ecological footprint mainly compose of fossil fuels and cultivated land and keep increasing at the rate of one percentage point a year during the past 11 years, more than 90 % of ecological carrying capacity from arable land, Followed by construction sites and woodland. Ecological carrying capacity has keep increasing and the fastest growth rate in construction sites.The impact of urbanization on the environment through Population growth and migration, economic expansion and promotion, Geographic expansion and landscape change. In this process, the impact to eco-environment follows this order: population urbanization, economic urbanization, social urbanization, the urbanization of space.At the same time, the paper gives 3 measures for the harmonious development between urbanization and eco-environment: Urban ecological planning, urban ecological construction and ecological management. Town Planning should adapt to the requirements for the development of ecological civilization to achieve "ecosystems", we should Use the ecological thinking, methods and techniques in the planning system, administrative system and operating system to bring about change and ensure the scientific and ecological rationality urban planning and urban management.更多还原