中医方剂英译标准化的研究

【作者】 赵霞；

【导师】 张其成；

【作者基本信息】 北京中医药大学 ， 中医医史文献， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 中医药学是一个伟大的宝库，是世界医学的重要组成部分。中医和西医的起源、发展完全不同，是两个完全不同的理论体系。中医起源于中国的传统文化，是一种人文医学。其本身不仅传播医学知识，而且还承载着中华民族厚重的哲学、伦理、文学等文化因素。随着医药卫生的国际交流日趋频繁，中医药的神奇临床疗效和独特的理论体系已引起国际上越来越高的重视。中国加入WTO之后，世界上很多国家已经着手把中医列入医保体系，因此中医(方剂)的对外翻译显得日益重要。长期以来，中医方剂的翻译存在重实践经验轻理论研究的现象，至今尚未建立健全规范化的翻译理论指导体系，由此造成译者没有标准可循，加之中医方剂，主要是方剂名称所包含的文化因素等原因，使得方剂在中文层面上就存在症状与名称、主要药物与名称不符等问题。中医方剂的英译主要采用音译、意译、意译兼意译、拉丁译法，以及三保险等方法。由于历史的原因，中医中的草本药、动物药和矿物药本身都有拉丁译名，再加上现有用以上各种译法翻译的术语，使得方剂特别是方剂名称英译的术语不规范。一个方剂名称有几个译文，译文之间有时差异明显。目前，中医翻译队伍的构成主要为两方面的人员：一方面是不具备中医专业知识的英语教师，另一方面是懂英语但缺乏翻译技巧和英语及汉语文化背景知识的中医医生。由于从业人员自身的特点、译者的知识结构以及不同习惯、文化环境以及上述因素的制约，中医术语(方剂)的翻译出现种种混乱的局面，严重影响了中医药在国际上更快、更好地传播和应用。因此，迫切需要加强中医英译的标准化建设，探索一套从理论到实践较为完善的程序和体系，指导中医药的翻译实践、理论传播和成果推广。论文针对方剂术语英译的各种方法与问题进行了讨论。认为“通其所同，求同存异，不求强通”的原则同样适用于方剂术语的翻译。直译的同时还应保持中医的文化内涵。在界定不清时，拉丁仍然是重要的参照语言。在实施方剂术语，主要是方剂名称英译的规范化方面，论文首先从原文层面上讨论了方剂名称标准化的问题，涉及命名法中的文化因素如：儒、道、佛的影响，目的性原则如：药、方、剂、能、效、势、量、证(症)等方面，认为英译标准化的前提是原文的标准化。方剂术语英译的标准化是在WHO对经络穴位实施了标准化的背景下进行的。方剂中所涉及的药物已有拉丁译名可供参考。随着中医对外交流的深入，国家对中医英译标准化非常重视，已先后启动多项科研课题对这一领域进行研究，积累了大量的经验。并且已有大量的中医英译作品问世，其内容贯穿中医各个领域，作者涉及中外医家，翻译家。这些都为方剂术语的英译奠定了基础。目前，对方剂术语英译标准化的研究呈多样性，出现了诸如：其他译法的研究、注重语法结构的研究、加强对国外中医英译的研究。论文提出应将中医英译作为一个学科来建设。对中西医进行从实质到表述的对比研究，建立系统的中医英译的理论；培养职业化的中医英译的队伍；加强国际间的交流与合作。通过对上述领域的讨论，本研究希望对今后的实践与研究有所补益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese Medicine is the treasure of the Chinese and an unsusceptible part of themedicine of the world. Initiating and developing differently, Chinese medicine and modernmedicine form the two systems. Chinese medicine originates from Chinese traditional culture,a kind of"humanist medicine", which carries humanist factors as philosophy、ethics、andliterature besides medicine. With the further international communication, Chinese medicinehas gained more and more attention from all over the world. After China entered WTO, somecountries started to take Chinese medicine into the public health system.Therefore, theinternationalization of Chinese medicine has become a necessary trend.Chinese medicine is rooted in traditional Chinese culture. Foreign people usually find it very difficult tolearn and understand Chinese medicine well. To promote overall international cooperation and exchange ofChinese medicine, we shall first conduct correct and effective translation work to introduce knowledge,theories and clinical application of Chinese medicine to the world people.For various reasons translation of Chinese medicine into English is by no means an easy job. Thetheories are sometimes difficult to understand even in Chinese language. Good translation is based on manyrequirements such as good command of both ancient and modern Chinese languages, good command ofEnglish language, good command of translation theories, good command of knowledge of both Chinese andWestern medicine, etc. There have been found many problems in the practice of translation from Chineseinto English. Many readers have been misled and got confused and sometimes got lost in meanings oftheories of Chinese medicine. Therefore, the most important job presently is to work out a system ofstandardized translation principles to guide translation work in this area.This paper focuses on the translation of the formula, especially the formula names. Itcarefully and systematically analyzes and studies the current translating methods andproblems on the base of quantity of magazines and books of Chinese medicine publishedopen both home and abroad, and it arrives at the conclusion that when the literal translation isadopted in translating work, the culture contents should not be neglected.The feasibility to work out a system of standardized translation principles to guidetranslation work covers the factors as A Proposed Standard International AcupunctureNomenclature. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1991.6, the Latin nomenclature forherb,animal and mineral medicine, the state-level programs and the various translatingpractice, which make the establishment of the standardized translation work possible. Thispaper tends to be useful in the further study of this field.更多还原