【作者】 李军成；

【导师】 余四九； 舒展；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 临床兽医， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 猪瘟(The hog cholera或The classical swine fever)简称(HC或CSF)是由猪瘟病毒引起的猪的传染病。张掖市是猪瘟受害严重的地市之一,从1954年高台县发生猪瘟记录以来,没有间断地使用猪瘟弱毒疫苗开展“春、秋”两季免疫工作来防治猪瘟,在疫苗接种量越来越大,防疫注射密度越来越高,全市生猪平均每年免疫密度在90%以上,免疫次数增加的情况下,未能完全控制猪瘟的发生,不但没有消灭猪瘟,而且发病范围由一县扩大到全市六县(区)。为了探索出张掖市猪瘟病发生、流行、发展变化的规律,通过实施本研究项目,一方面,采取查阅省、市、县兽医站的免疫、年报、疫情、检疫、抽查、化验等原始档案资料;另一方面深入农户、猪场、门诊、化验室等地开展流行病学调查;对获得的第一手资料进行汇总,综合分析,探索出张掖市猪瘟发病规律。发现了张掖市猪瘟发病的根本原因是各级政府不重视猪瘟防疫工作;一年只进行春秋两次免疫,政策性造成一大批猪空免;野毒株的流行;未开展免疫抗体或仔猪母源抗体的监测,没有制定适合当地的科学免疫程序;猪瘟病猪、死猪、病猪肉无害化处理不彻底,而是继续流向社会,形成恶性循环。不规范的防疫;不到位的检疫;不严格的消毒等原因造成猪瘟反复发生。揭示了张掖市猪瘟发病规律是:猪瘟在张掖市六县(区)都发生,以国道312、227线沿途的养猪县(区)发病为主。猪瘟发病与历年猪肉、生猪产量成正比。部分猪注射猪瘟疫苗后仍然发生猪瘟。它是对养猪业危害最严重的传染病;猪瘟的发生与年龄、性别、品种无关;一年四季都发生,但初春和秋末呈现两个发病高峰期;流行形式,由频发的大流行变为周期性的区域散发流行;传播方式,垂直传播、病猪接触感染,带毒猪贩子进入猪圈后都能引起猪瘟发生;猪瘟的症状表现多样化,由急性转为温和型,发病缓慢,病程长,老疫区发病不间断,新疫区接连出现,发病范围不断扩大,呈蔓延趋势,症状复杂的多样化非典型猪瘟,猪瘟病毒持续感染,胎盘感染,初生仔猪的先天感染,免疫耐受,妊娠母猪繁殖障碍;病理变化由典型病变发展为不典型病变;死亡数与急性比较降低,但与其它猪传染病相比死亡率比较高,居于各类猪传染病之首;由单一的猪瘟感染发展为猪瘟与仔猪副伤寒、仔猪水肿病、猪肺疫、猪丹毒等猪病的混合感染。更多还原

【Abstract】 The classical swine fever (the other name is hog cholera and the brief name is HC or CSF) is a sort of infectious disease of pigs caused by the classical swine fever virus. ZhangYe City is one of the regions and cities that seriously suffer from HC. Since GaoTai county recorded the occurrence of HC in 1954, continuously using the weak poisonous vaccine of HC for " spring and autumn "two season vaccination to prevent the plague. Under the situation of that inoculation dose became more and more, the density of the vaccination got higher and higher, the average pig immune density in is over 90% per year and the vaccination times increase, still the plague can not be controlled completely. HC’s occurrence is not extinguished and spread from one county to six counties of the city contrarily.For the sake of seeking the regulation of the occurrence, spread, development and variety of HC disease in Zhangye City, this item was conducted by means of checking out the immunity, annual report, epidemic situation, quarantine, selective check, assay, original file and data of the veterinary stations in provincial, city and county levels and meanwhile, going to farm households, pig farms, veterinary clinics, the laboratory for carrying out the epidemiological inquisition. Though the summarizing the firsthand materials and synthetic analysis, the occurrence regulation of HC in Zhanye City is found out.The basic reason on occurrence of HC disease in Zhangye City Discovered is that all levels of government did not pay attention to HC Prevention; the spring and autumn two times of immunity a year was their only work for the plague control; policy reason results in a large quantity pigs without immunity; the wild poisonous stub spread; the immune antibody or piglets’ mother source antibody was not be monitoring, the suitable scientific program of immunity for the local area had out been established; The sick pigs, dead pigs and the pork of the sick pigs were not been handled thoroughly but continuously got into the society and formed the vicious cycle. No standardized epidemic prevention, no properly quarantine, no strict disinfection etc. resulted in HC occurrence again and again.The regulation of HC occurrence in Zhangye City revealed that described as below. HC occurred in six counties (district) of Zhangye City and the main epidemic counties (district) are along the national way No.312 and 227. HC occurrence is with a positive proportion with the yearly production of pigs and pork. Part of pigs are still infected HC after the vaccination. It is the most serious infectious disease to endanger the swine farming. HC’s occurrence is irrelevant with age, sex, species. The plague occurs in all year but there are two peaks in the early spring and the end of autumn respectively. The epidemic of HC changed from frequent and wide into the periodically regional scatter. The way of spread is perpendicular and contact infection with the sick pig. The traders with sick pigs getting into the pigsty can also cause HC occurrence. HC’s symptom presents diversification and changes from acute to gentle type,such as slow start with a long course of the disease, the continuous occurrence in the old epidemic-stricken area and the new epidemic-stricken area one after another, The continuous increase of epidemic scope with spread trend. The untypical classical swine fever with complex diversification symptom, uninterrupted infection of HC virus, placenta infection, the Inborn infection of just-born piglet and the immunity bear to suffer, pregnant sows’ breeding obstacle. Pathological vary changes from typical to untypical. The mortality is more lower compared with the acute but compared with the other pig Infectious disease, the mortality is higher and at the first place of various pig infectious diseases. HC may develop into a mixed infection with paratyptus suum of piglets, edema disease of piglets, pasteurellosis suum or erysipelas suis.更多还原