基于MATLAB和AHP的电机换向抽油机方案评价与决策研究

【作者】 陈宏星；

【导师】 杨海滨； 曾励；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 针对目前油田在役抽油机所存在的“效率低、能耗大、能量利用率低”的主要问题，借鉴国内外各新型节能抽油机的设计与研制情况，对照我国抽油机的发展方向，本课题拟提出一种新型的高效节能抽油机，即电机换向抽油机，并重点对其进行方案评价，验证其设计的可行性与合理性。评价的结果显示，电机换向抽油机在提高效率、节约能源、延长寿命等方面较常规抽油机均有突破，因此，这种新型抽油机的研制具有重大的现实意义和较高的综合社会经济效益。本文的技术路线为：分析现役抽油机存在的主要问题和原因，结合采油工艺对抽油机的要求，寻求解决方案，提出两种新型抽油机的设计方案，进行方案的技术经济分析与评估，包括与现役抽油机之间的比较，以及方案之间的比较，根据评价结论，选出最佳方案，然后细化方案，最后将现场试验结果与理论评价作对比，验证评价的准确性与合理性。本文主要在以下几方面进行了系统而深入的研究：首先，对目前抽油机的应用情况、国内外抽油机的发展概况与趋势、油田在役抽油机存在的主要问题及抽油机的节能途径进行阐述，结合采油工艺对抽油机的要求，提出本课题的研究方向，即提出新型电机换向抽油机，重点对其进行评价，验证其设计的可行性与合理性。其次，提出两种新型抽油机的设计方案，并对各自的结构、运动及动力性能进行详细的分析，为新型机的性能分析提供理论依据，并根据所得理论利用MATLAB进行仿真。第三，结合仿真结果，并在现有文献的基础上，对现役抽油机与两种新型抽油机在结构、动力性能、节能效果方面进行分析和对比。第四，根据抽油机设计方案的多因素性、多指标性，提出抽油机技术经济综合评价指标体系，采用层次分析法(AHP)和灰色关联度对所选两种抽油机设计方案进行综合评价和决策，依据评价结果采用电机换向抽油机作为新型抽油机的最终设计方案。该决策方法直观明了、简便实用，可供抽油机设计人员和管理者参考。最后，细化方案，提供该机型主要设计参数。根据样机的现场试验结果，对比仿真结果，验证评价结论的正确性与合理性。本论文的创新点在于：(1)对于抽油机设计方案的技术经济综合评价，目前国内外还没有一套比较成熟的理论和方案比选分析方法，因此，本论文所做的技术经济综合评价是一种方法上的探讨，形成了一套抽油机设计方案制订办法或工作程序及其方案评估体系、指标及方法；(2)提出电机换向节能抽油机设计方案，也即提出了一种新的结构形式的抽油机。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to solve the problems of low efficiency and low energy using rate of the pumping units used widely in the oilfields of China, we put forward the commutated-motor pumping unit which is a new type pumping unit of high efficiency and energy saving .The unit is designed by the reference of the design and manufacture of some new types of pumping units and according to the developing tendency of the pumping units in China. What we do more in the study is to evaluate the scheme and analyze its rationality and feasibility. The evaluation shows that this type of pumping unit has great improvements in increasing efficiency, energy saving and prolonging life,compared with the beam pumping units. So, this research has big realistic sense and better comprehensive benefit of society and economy.In this article, we analyze the problems and causes of present pumping units. In order to solve them, we put forward two new type pumping units combined with the requirements needed by oil extraction craft; we do technical, economical analysis and evaluation including the comparison with the present pumping units and between new schemes. Based on the evaluation, we select the best scheme, and then embody it. At last, we compare the simulation with the results of locale experiments; the correctness and feasibility of evaluation are validated.In this paper, the following aspects are researched systemically and thoroughly:Firstly, the using of pumping unit, the developing situation and tendency of domestic and foreign pumping units, the problems of pumping unit used in the oilfields,the energy saving methods of pumping unit are expatiated; Combined with the requirements needed by oil extraction craft, we put forward commutated-motor pumping unit. Our emphases are to evaluate the scheme and approve the rationality and feasibility of it.Secondly, we put forward two scheme of new type pumping unit, research the structure, kinetic and dynamic characteristics respectively, which offer the theory foundation of analysis of new type pumping unit. Based on the theory, the simulation is done in MATLAB.Thirdly, combined the simulation, and based on present articles, these two new type pumping unit are analyzed and compared with two present pumping unit in structure, dynamic characteristics and energy saving effect.Fourthly, according to the characters of multi-factors and multi-indexes of scheme, we put forward evaluation indexes system of technology and economy of pumping unit, and have a comprehensive evaluation and decision-making of two new type scheme with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and gray relation grade. Based the evaluation, we use the commutated-motor pumping unit as the final scheme of new type pumping unit. This evaluation method is intuitionistic and easy to use, which can be referenced by designer and governor of pumping unit.Finally, the major design parameters of this new type-pumping unit are established. According to the results of locale experiments, and compared with the simulation, the correctness and feasibility of evaluation are validated.The innovation point of this paper is, there isn’t a set of comparatively mature theory and analysis method of scheme comparing and choosing about the comprehensive evaluation of technology and economy of pumping unit scheme. The comprehensive evaluation of technology and economy in this paper is a kind of attempt in the method, which forms a set of establishment method or working program of scheme of pumping unit and system, index, method of scheme evaluation. It puts forward the scheme of commutated-motor pumping unit, which also forms a new type pumping unit.更多还原