【作者】 刘会欣；

【导师】 王谦；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 微生物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 冀中地区食用菌周年化生产中常受到杂菌的侵袭，杂菌污染严重制约着食用菌产业的发展。从2004年7月到2005年10月，通过对冀中地区食用菌种植品种、种植规模及杂菌污染发生等进行调查，明确了冀中地区食用菌生产基本情况，鉴定了主要杂菌9种：木霉(Trichoderma sp.)、青霉(Penicillium sp.)、曲霉(Aspergillus sp.)、毛霉(Mucor sp.)、链孢霉(Neurospora sp.)、盘菌(Peziza Dill. ex Fr.)、酵母菌、细菌、放线菌。杂菌污染的种类及程度因地域、季节、栽培模式等的不同而有所不同。冀中平原较山地冷凉地区污染种类多，污染率高；夏季较其它季节污染率高；生料栽培较发酵料和熟料栽培污染率高。食用菌污染防治原则是以防为主，防重于治，要充分了解杂菌发生的原因，把握各个生产环节，做好预防工作。平板试验表明，四种药剂的不同处理浓度对平菇、茶树菇、香菇菌丝以及绿色木霉、青霉、黄曲霉、毛霉生长的影响存在着显著差异。克霉灵和冠菌净在稀释倍数为1000时，既能抑制霉菌的生长，又对平菇、香菇菌丝的生长发育无不良影响，并且有促进作用，可在平菇、香菇栽培中使用。通过污染菌袋注射试验，结果表明，当菌袋被绿色木霉、青霉、黄曲霉、毛霉轻度污染时，注射不同浓度的克霉灵、冠菌净、代森锰锌、4％氨基寡糖素水剂、石灰水、酒精可抑制霉菌孢子的萌发，且当菌袋中的食用菌菌丝生长到一定长度时，轻中度污染的菌袋药剂治疗后一般不影响其出菇。制订食用菌污染综合防治技术，进行示范推广，为解决冀中地区食用菌周年化生产中杂菌污染防治技术问题、发展食用菌产业提供了技术保障。更多还原

【Abstract】 The edible fungi was often infected by contaminative microbes throughout the year-round production in the central Hebei, and the edible fungi industry was affected in large scale.The cultivars, planting area and contaminative microbes of edible fungi in the central Hebei were investigated. 9 contaminative microbes were identified: Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Mucor sp., Neurospora sp., Peziza Dill.ex Fr., yeast, bacterium, actinomyces. The breed and the degree of contaminative microbes were different because of different areas, different seasons and different planting patterns. The plain of the centrial Hebei had more breeds of contaminative microbes and higher contaminative rate than hilly country; contaminative rate was higher in summer and using the compost without any treatment to plant edible fungi had higher contaminative rate than using the compost that fermented or treated under high temperature.First of all, the controlling principle of contaminative microbes was prevention and prevention was more important than cure. We should adequately know the reasons that caused the contaminative microbes and grasp every producing tache to prevent.The effects of different concentrations of four fungicides on the mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus, Agrocybe cylindracea, Lentinus edodes and Trichoderma viride, Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Mucor sp. were remarkably different. KEMEILING and GUANJUNJING at diluted concentration of 1000 not only could inhibit the growth of moulds but also had no bad effects on the mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus edodes, even had some promotions.The results of injecting experiments suggestted that injecting different concentrations of KEMEILING, GUANJUNJING, DAISENMENGXIN, the 4% chitosan-oligosacchrides, alcohol and lime water into the plastic sack of edible fungi that contaminated lightly could prevent the mycelial growth of moulds and injecting fungicides into the plastic sack of edible fungi that contaminated lightly or moderately didn’t affect the reproductive growth when the mycelial had grown certain lenghth. Integrated management technology was demonstrated which resolved the problem of contaminative microbes on edible fungi throughout the year-round production in the central Hebei and ensured the industry of edible fungi.更多还原