【作者】 刘岭；

【导师】 王志祥；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 为寻找抗生素饲料添加剂的替代品，从小檗属植物三颗针的根中提取以小檗碱为主的活性成分提取物，研究了三颗针活性成分提取物替代土霉素对断奶仔猪的应用效果。选用128头体重相近的断奶三元杂交仔猪（杜×长×大）随机分为4组，每组4个重复，每个重复8头猪，对照组饲喂含土霉素100mg／kg的试验饲粮，三个试验组分别饲喂含三颗针提取物200mg／kg、500mg／kg、1000mg／kg的试验饲粮，进行6周的饲养试验、免疫及屠宰试验。试验结果如下：选择产自陕西的猫刺小檗Berberis soulieana Schneid．的根，用煎煮法提取活性成分，得到黑色、有苦味的提取物。提取率为15.02％，用高效液相分析法测定出提取物中小檗碱的含量为19.8％。饲养试验表明：与对照组相比，饲料中添加500mg／kg和200mg／kg三颗针提取物的促生长效果较好，仔猪日增重分别提高了13.38％（P＜0.05）和5.68％（P＜0.05），料重比分别降低了16.93％（P＜0.05）和5.43％（P＞0.05）；500mg／kg的三颗针提取物能显著降低仔猪的腹泻率（P＜0.05），其他三组仔猪的腹泻率差异不显著（P＞0.05）；随着提取物添加量的提高，仔猪的采食量有下降的趋势，200mg／kg提取物组仔猪采食量高于对照组，另外两个试验组仔猪采食量低于对照组，但各组仔猪的采食量差异不显著（P＞0.05）。500mg／kg三颗针提取物组仔猪各种养分的消化率均最高，其中钙和总磷的消化率显著高于对照组（P＜0.05），粗蛋白的消化率显著高于200mg／kg三颗针提取物添加组（P＜0.05）。1000mg／kg三颗针提取物组仔猪各种养分的消化率低于500mg／kg组（P＞0.05），但高于另外两组，其中钙和总磷的吸收率显著高于抗生素组（P＜0.05），总磷的消化率显著高于200mg／kg组（P＜0.05）。200mg／kg组仔猪的各养分的消化率与对照组相差不大（P＞0.05）。200mg／kg三颗针提取物添加量仔猪血清抗体水平最高；显著高于另外三组（P＜0.05），另外三组之间差异不显著（P＞0.05），但对照组最低。随着三颗针提取物在饲料中添加量的增加，仔猪血液红细胞（RBC）、白细胞（WBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）呈上升趋势，且试验组均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05），各试验组之间差异不显著（P＞0.05）；200mg／kg和500mg／kg三颗针提取物组仔猪血清ALT、AST、TP显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）；随着饲料中提取物的增加仔猪血液GLU、Ca²⁺浓度降低，对照组仔猪血清GLU浓度显著高于其它三组（P＜0.05），Ca²⁺浓度显著高于1000mg／kg提取物组（P＜0.05）。随着饲料中三颗针提取物添加量的提高，仔猪血液中GSH-XP和SOD的活性增强，MAD的含量降低，且均与对照组差异显著（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比，三颗针提取物降低了仔猪消化道的pH（P＞0.05）；显著增加空肠、回肠、盲肠和结肠中的乳酸杆菌数量（P＜0.05）和总厌氧菌数量（P＞0.05），降低了空肠、回肠、盲肠中的大肠杆菌和回肠的总需氧菌（P＜0.05）；显著增加了仔猪空肠乙酸和总挥发性脂肪的浓度和结肠乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸及总挥发性脂肪酸的浓度（P＜0.05）。试验结果表明：断奶仔猪日粮中添加三颗针提取物能够减少仔猪腹泻、提高仔猪生长性能，达到或超过添加土霉素的促生长效果。其中500mg／kg的添加量促生长效果最好；与添加抗生素相比，三颗针提取物能够改善断奶仔猪的免疫力，提高仔猪的特异性免疫和非特异性免疫机能；500mg／kg和200mg／kg三颗针提取物的添加量能改善仔猪的机体物质代谢；三颗针提取物能够调节仔猪的肠道菌群，增加肠道乳酸杆菌和厌氧菌的数量，降低大肠杆菌和需氧菌的数量，提高肠道挥发性脂肪酸的浓度。更多还原

【Abstract】 To search the substitute of antibiotics feed additives, we distilled the extract from the root of Berberidis. and used this extract to replace oxytetracycline as piglet dietary supplementation. 128 crossbred weaned pigs （Durocx Landrace xYoukshire） with similar weight were divided into 4 treatments randomly, each treatment was replicated four times and eight piglets caged together formed the experimental unit. The three trail groups were provided diets with 200mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg berberis extract supplementation respectively and the control group were supplied diet with 100mg/kg oxytetracycline supplementation. The experimental period lasted 6 weeks and and the results are:Decocted the root of Berberis soulieana Schneid which native to Shanxi Province and got black and bitter aqueous extract. The aqueous extract ratio of the root is 19.8% and the berberine ratio of the aqueous extract was determined by HLPC and the result was 19.8%.Compared with the control group, the pigs average daily gain of the groups which had 500mg/kg and 200mg/kg berberis extract in the diet increased respectively 13.38%（P<0.05） and 5.68%9（P<0.05）. 500mg/kg aqueous extract can drop the diarrhoea incidence significantly （P<0.05） and the diarrhoea incidence of other three groups was not different significantly （P>0.05）. With the quantity of the berberis extract in the pig diet, the intake of the pigs decreased and the pigs of 200mg/kg berberis extract group had more feed than the control group and the other experimental group pigs had less feed than the control group, but the difference was not remarkable.The feed content 500mg/kg berberis extract can get higher digestibility of all the nutrient, and the digestibility of calcium and total phosphorus were significantly higher than the control group feed（P<0.05）; the digestibility of crude protein was significantly higher than the 200mg/kg berberis extract group. The nutrient digestibility of 1000mg/kg berberis extract group slightly worse than 500mg/kg berberis extract group but higher than the other two groups, the digestibility of calcium and total phosphorus were significantly higher than the control group feed （P<0.05）, the total phosphorus digestibility higher than the 200mg/kg berberis extract group remarkablely （P＜0.05）; 200mg/kg berberis extract group had the same nutrient digestibility to the control groupCompared with oxytetracycline, the berberis extract can enhance pig immunity and 200mg/kg berberis extract can significantly improve the concentration of serum SFD antibody（P＜0.05）, the concentration of serum SFD antibody was not significantly different in the other three group pigs（P＞0.05）. With the increasing of the berberis extract in the pig diet, the concentration of RBC, WBC and HGB of the pigs were increased, and the experimental group higher than the control group （P＜0.05） and the three experimental groups was not different （P＞0.05）. The 200mg/kg and 500mg/kg berberis extract can significantly increase the activity of serum ALT and AST and the concentration of serum TP than （P＜0.05）, and the three indexes of the control group was higher than the 1000mg/kg berberis extract group （P＜0.05）. With the increasing of berberis extract in the pigs diet the pigs serum GLU and Ca2+ concentration were decreased, the control group has higher serum GLU and Ca²⁺ concentration than the other three group （P＜0.05）. With the increasing of the crude extract in the pigs diet, the pigs serum GSH-XP and SOD activity were improved and MAD concentration was decreased, the three group which had berberis extract diet have higher serum GSH-XP and SOD activity than the control group （P＜0.05） and lower serum MAD concentration（P＜0.05）.At the end of the sixth week, selected four similar pigs respectively in the 500mg/kg berberis extract and the control group to slaughtered to survey the indexes. Compared with oxytetracycline, The berberis extract can detract the pH value of piglet gastrointestinal tract （P＞0.05）, enrich lactobacilli in jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon remarkably （P＜0.05） and anaerobe（P＞0.05）, suppress colibacillus in jejunum, ileum, and cecum and aerobes in ileum significantly （P＜0.05）, the berberis extract can also significantly increase the acetic acid and total VFA concentrate of jejunum and acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid and total VFA of colon （P＜0.05）.Conclusion: the berberis extract can decrease the diarrhoea incidence and improved growth performance of pigs. The effect of improving pig growth performance of berberidis extract is super to oxytetracycline. The concentration of 500mg/kg in the piglet diet is best, compared to the control group, the berberis extract can improve pig nonspecific immunity and specific immunity. 500mg/kg and 200mg/kg concentration of feed can improve the nutrient metabolizability of piglets. The berberis extract can modulate piglet’s intestinal bacteria, increase lactobacilli and anaerobe and suppress colibacillus and aerobian.更多还原