【作者】 丁景华；

【导师】 王志祥；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 中草药是抗生素的重要替代品之一，三颗针是小檗属植物，价格低廉，来源广，在畜牧业生产中具有广泛的应用前景。本试验通过物理的方法，将三颗针的有效成分进行提取浓缩，研究了三颗针提取物对肉仔鸡生长性能、养分表观代谢率、消化酶活、脂质代谢、抗氧化功能和肉质性状方面的影响。结果得出如下。三颗针的品种来源于陕西的猫刺小檗，按照水煎煮法提取工艺，用三颗针为原料制备了试验用的三颗针提取物，并用高效液相色谱法测定其中小檗碱的含量为19.8％。选择300只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡，随机分为5个处理，每个处理6个重复，每重复10只鸡，公母各半。处理1饲喂基础日粮添加5mg／kg阿维拉霉素，处理2、3、4、5分别在基础日粮中添加三颗针提取物0.05％、0.2％、0.35％、0.5％，进行7周的饲养试验和代谢试验。结果表明：与添加阿维拉霉素组相比，添加不同量三颗针提取物肉仔鸡7周末体重、日增重、料重比均没有显著差异(P＞0.05)，添加0.35％、0.5％三颗针提取物显著降低了肉仔鸡采食量(P＜0.05)；添加0.05％、0.35％、0.50％三颗针提取物极显著降低了粗蛋白质、钙和总磷表观代谢率(P＜0.01)，添加0.35％三颗针提取物显著降低了粗脂肪表观代谢率(P＞0.05)，添加0.05％、0.5％三颗针提取物极显著降低了粗脂肪表观代谢率(P＜0.01)；除添加0.05％、0.2％三颗针提取物极显著提高了淀粉酶活性外(P＜0.01)，其它均极显著降低淀粉酶的和脂肪酶活性(P＜0.01)。本试验说明，与添加阿维拉霉素相比，肉仔鸡日粮中添加三颗针提取物可不降低肉仔鸡生长性能，但随添加量的增加，可降低肉仔鸡的采食量，不利于肉仔鸡养分表观消化率和消化酶活性的提高。7周的饲养试验结束屠宰，研究三颗针提取物对肉仔鸡抗氧化功能和脂类代谢的影响。结果表明：与添加抗生素组相比，添加三颗针提取物组肉仔鸡肝脏和胸肌、腿肌中SOD活性极显著高于添加抗生素组(P＜0.01)，肝脏中GSH-PX活性显著(P＜0.05)或极显著提高(P＜0.01)；添加0.2％、0.35％、0.5％三颗针提取物组肝脏中MDA含量极显著降低(P＜0.01)；血清TC含量极显著降低(P＜0.01)，HDL—C含量极显著提高(P＜0.01)，添加0.35％与0.50％组(P＜0.01)、0.05％与0.20％组(P＜0.05)血清TG含量显著降低。本结果说明肉仔鸡日粮中添加三颗针提取物可以显著增强肉仔鸡机体抗氧化功能，降低血液甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量，促进机体脂类代谢。与添加抗生素组相比，三颗针提取物组显著降低了肉仔鸡的腹脂率(P＜0.01)，其它的屠宰指标没有显著影响(P＞0.05)；0.35％、0.5％三颗针提取物组显著降低了胸肌滴水损失和剪切力(P＜0.05)；0.35％组(P＜0.05)、0.5％组(P＜0.01)显著降低了肉中胆固醇的含量；0.2％、0.35％和0.5％提取物组显著提高了亚油酸和亚麻油酸的比例(P＜0.01)，降低了饱和脂肪酸的比例(P＜0.01)。本结果说明肉仔鸡日粮中添加三颗针提取物可以显著提高了肌肉中抗氧化酶活性、有利于改善肉的食用品质。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinses herb is one of important substitute of antibiotics. Berberisradix is berberis plants,low of price and widespread source. There is wide-rang prospect of utility in livestock husbandry. The active effective components of Berberisradix were extracted and condensed by physical methods. The purpose of this experiments is to study the effects of extracted berberisradix on broilers’growth, antioxidation function and lipid metabolism.Area of source Berberisradix is native to shanxi Province Berberisradix materials were boiled with water to extract of the effective component. The purity of berberine was measured for 19.8% by High Performance Liquid Chromatograhy.Three hundred one-day-old Avain broilers were divided into five groups of six repeats. Each repeat had ten birds (five males and five females). Birds of group 1 were fed a diet with adding 5mg/kg avilamycin. The birds of group 2,3,4,5were fed a diet with adding 0.05%, 0.2%, 0.35%, 0.5% Berberis abstract respectively. Feeding experiment of seven weeks and metabolic experiment were carried on. The results showed that there were no great difference for 7th week weight, ADG and feed/gain ratio between adding avilamycin and Berberis abstract(P>0.05). Adding 0.35%, 0.5% berberis abstract markedly decreased ADFI(P<0.05). Adding 0.05%, 0.35%, 0.5% Berberis abstract decreased crude protein, calcium and total phosphorus apparent metabolic rate(P<0.01). The apparent metabolic rate of ether extract was decreased by adding 0.35%(P<0.05), and 0.5%(P<0.01) berberis abstract comparing with adding avilamycin. Adding 0.2% Berberis abstract could significantly increase the activity of amylase in duodenum chyme(P<0.01). Others decreased the activities of amylase and lipase. The results indicated that the addition of Berberis abstract wouldn’t decreased the growth performance of broilers comparing with adding avilamycin, but the ADFI, nutrient apparent metabolic rate and activities of amylase and lipase would be decreased with rising of adding level of Berberis abstract.Thirty 7-week-old broilers were selected and slaughtered to study the effect of of abstract Berberisradix on antioxidation function and lipid metabolism. The adding of Berberis abstract could markedly increase the levels of SOD in liver, breast and thigh muscles(P<0.01). The activities of GSH-PX in liver were significantly increased by adding 0.05％、0.2％、0.5％(P＜0.01) and 0.35％(P＜0.05) of Berberis abstract comparing with adding avilamycin. The contents of MDA in liver were decreased by adding0.2％、0.35％、0.5％of Berberis abstract(P＜0.01). There were no differences for MDA contents in muscles among different groups(P＞0.05). The content of TG markedly decreased by adding 0.05％, 0.20％(P＜0.05), 0.35％, 0.5％(P＜0.01) of abstract Berberisradix. The content of HDL-C was increased by adding 0.35％, 0.5％(P＜0.01). It was concluded that abstract Berberisradix could increase the antioxidation function, decrease the content of TC and TG in body and improve lipid metabolism of broilers.Compared with adding avilamycin, therewas no any significant diference in carcass qualities(P＞0.05) by adding abstract Berberisradix. except abdominal fat content (P＜0.01). Adding 0.35％and 0.5％berberis abstract decreased drop loss and shear force in breast tousle (P＜0.05). The concentration of total cholesterol in muscle was decreased by adding 0.35％(P＜0.05), 0.5％(P＜0.01) of Berberis abstract. The content of saturated fatty acid was markedly decreased adding 0.20％,0.35％and 0.5％berberis abstract (P＜0.01). Adding 0.20％,0.35％and 0.5％berberis abstract markedly increase linolenic and linoleic acid(P＜0.01). It was concluded that Berberis abstract could increase unsaturated fatty acid especially linoleic acid,decrease total cholesterol and saturated fatty acid and improve meat quality.更多还原