【作者】 陈明；

【导师】 潘力佳；

【作者基本信息】 南京航空航天大学 ， 材料加工工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 半导体纳米材料以其独特的电学,光学性能引起人们广泛的研究兴趣。CdS作为一种重要的II-VI族化合物半导体材料,在激光、太阳能电池、发光显示器件、生物检测等有广泛潜在的应用。如何合理的控制材料的定向生长,如何控制材料的形貌,晶体结构及粒径大小对材料的性能有重要的影响。本文对半导体纳米材料的形貌尤其是二维形貌,单分散性半导体量子点等方面进行了有意义的探索。本文主要研究如下:研究了二维CdS纳米结构的溶剂热制备技术。使用了奇特的有机硫源4.4’-二硫代二吗啉(DTDM),在不同的溶剂如苯和四氯化碳中合成了不同晶型和不同形貌的CdS晶体结构,实现了花状CdS纳米晶和CdS纳米棒聚集体的控制,DTDM特殊的分子结构和DTDM的分解方式对CdS纳米材料的形貌有影响,并对形成机理进行了研究。同时通过光致发光谱和电致发光谱来研究它的光学性能,电致发光测试表明合成的样品有很好的稳定性和高的电致发光性能。利用高分子化合物聚丙烯酸(PAA),利用水热技术合成了半导体CdS纳米片。同时发现反应的溶剂对CdS的形貌有重要的影响,也研究了片状CdS的合成机理,研究了它的光学性能。采用了十八胺(ODA)辅助溶剂热合成了ZnSe纳米结构。这对用高分子化合物控制纳米材料的形貌提供了研究思路。使用了低成本的无机化合物作为前躯体,油酸和十八胺作为表面活性剂,通过简单的溶剂热的方法来合成大小和形貌均一的CdS纳米晶。研究发现反应温度对纳米晶的合成有重要作用。同时用相似的溶剂热方法合成ZnS纳米晶。采用水热的方法合成出氧化物半导体纳米结构如:SnO2纳米粒子,一维MnOOH纳米带。更多还原

【Abstract】 Semiconductor nanomaterials have received broad attentions due to their novel electrical、optical properties. The main challenge in this area is how to precisely control the size, dimensions, compositions and crystals structures in nanoscale, which are the important factors for influencing the physical and chemical properties of materials. This thesis summarizes the preparation of CdS nanocrystals and other semiconductor nanomateials as well as their properties studies.CdS semiconductor nanscrystals have been prepared by solvothermal method with 4,4’-Dithiodimorpholine (DTDM) as sulphur source. Flower-like CdS nanocrystals and aggregated CdS nanorods were obtained with different solvents, e.g. carbon tetrachloride and benzene, respectively. It was found that the special molecular structure and dissociation manner of DTDM may be favorable to the morphologically-controlled growth of CdS crystals, the formation mechanism of the nanostructures was preliminary discussed. Furthermore, the optical properties of as-prepared samples were characterized by photoluminescence spectra (PL) and Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL), the ECL tests show that the products have good stability and strong electrogenerated chemiluminescence.Triangular and hexagonal CdS nanoplates, with average size about 100 nm and average thickness range from 10 to 30 nm, have been synthesized in the presence of poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) assisted hydrothermal process at 180°C. Based on the experiment results, the possible formation mechanism of CdS nanoplates has been proposed. Furthermore, ZnSe nanostructures have been synthesized using ODA as assisted -reagent via hydrothermal method.Nearly monodisperse CdS semiconductor nanocrystals have been successfully synthesized by a simple solvothermal synthetic route using cheap and low-cost normal inorganic compounds as precursors. The reaction temperature is demonstrated to be critical for the nanocrystals monodisperse. The monodisperse ZnS nanocrystals have also been fabricated using the solvothermal method.The other semiconductor nanomaterils such as SnO2 and MnOOH have been synthesized by the simple hydrothermal method.更多还原