【作者】 谭竹；

【导师】 韩林飞；

【作者基本信息】 北京工业大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 公墓是埋葬死者以及供生者表达怀念和追思的去处,是人类生活的必要组成部分,是城市的重要组成部分。在现代城市背景下,城市发展、人口膨胀使城市表现出了对城市公墓的巨大需求。此时,传统公墓在诸多方面已不能满足城市的发展要求。但是,在我国,由于人们对死亡主题的传统避讳,导致对于墓葬建筑的研究和论述多停留在考古学和文化学的领域。近来的研究虽然在景观方面有所进展,但立足于现代城市场景、从建筑角度对公墓的研究还有所缺失。本文在查阅了大量相关资料,并结合实地调研的基础上,对现代城市公墓设计作了系统的论述,旨在为将来的公墓设计提供方便易用的一手材料与方法。由于公墓是一种主要体现精神文化的建筑类型,因此文章首先从公墓存在的精神前提起始,解读了公墓设计的文化情感基础,包括殡葬的精神起源、中西不同文化差异以及我国当代新的殡葬文化,它是公墓设计立足的基本点。接着介绍了西方以及中国近现代公墓的发展,并在介绍过程中总结出对将来设计有所帮助的典型设计手法和设计原型。在第三部分公墓与现代城市关系的论述中,提出了我国当前公墓建设的种种问题,并在城市建设的理论指导下,指出公墓选址应维护城市环境的完整性,公墓建筑的类型应采用立体式的公墓集合建筑以节省土地。而在公墓内部的设计上应与城市现代建筑设计接轨,使公墓在持有传统性、地域性的同时赶上时代。第四部分详细探讨了现代城市背景下的公墓设计的方法。论述从公墓空间构成的主题入手,深入到主题引导下的墓园总体布局即精神空间的营造方法,从环境空间的塑造、仪式空间的塑造,以及空间中自然元素的使用几个方面进行总结论述。在建筑形象的塑造上,以公墓集合建筑作为论述的对象,强调了在此过程中建筑类型与符号的应用,并总结了相应的设计手法。最后对建筑的细部设计进行了深入说明。综上所述,鉴于我国的实际情况,目前还是要进一步改善人民对死亡的心理认知,并可以采用地下型隐蔽式启动发展公墓集合建筑。并期望以上的研究成果对将来的设计有所裨益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cemetory is a place which for burying the dead and recalling the dead. It is not only the essential part of people’s lives, but also the important part of the cities. Against the background of the modern city, urban development and population expansion made the cities creating a huge demand for the urban cemetories. In this case, traditional cemetories could not meet the needs of the urban development already in many aspects. But, in our contury, because of people’s escaping from death theme, the research and discussion of burial architecture are more limited to the field of archaeology and culture. Although some progress have been made in the aspect of landscape recently, the absence of research in architecture which against the background of the modern city is still existing.On the base of consulting lots of related reference and resorting to scene investigation, this paper systematically treats of the modern urban cemeteries to providing convenient and easy-to-use first hand materials and methods for cemetery design in the future.Because cememtory is a kind of architecture which embody spiritual culture, for the first step, the paper is start with the spiritual foundation on which the cemetory could exist to analyse the fundamental culture and emotion for cemetory design. It is inculd the spiritual root of funeral and interment, the different parts of culture of death both in the east and the west and contemporary new funeral culture in our country. They are the basic contents which the cememtory design relying on. Then, it introduces the developmental process of the modern cememtory both in the east and in our country. During it, the useful typical design methods and arch-types which for the future design are been summed up. The third part is about the relationship between cemetory and morden city. In this part, many questions about cemetery construction of our country in these days have been posed. Under the direction of some city theories, the paper point out that location of the cemetery should preserve the integrity of urban landscape, the type of cemetery architecture should choose dimensional cemetery congregate building for saving land. And the interior design of cemetery should integrate with modern urban architectural style to make it keep up with the times while having raditionity and Regionality. In part four, the methods of cemetery design against the background of the modern city are been discussed at large. It is begin with theme selection of the cemetery space, then go to the general layout which is guided by the theme (construction methods of spiritual space). The discussion is from several aspects, such as modeling the environmental space, modeling the ceremonial space and using the natural elements which are in the space. About the architectural image, cemetery congregate building is the object of the discussion.Here using building types and architective semiotic have been emphasized and some relevant designmethods have been summed up.Taken together, in the light of the specific conditions in our country, now, we need to further improved people’s comprehension about death. Start developing cemetery congregate building use secluded form. And I hope the research results before could do a good benefit for the design in the future.更多还原