【作者】 崔方让；

【导师】 李新平；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 土壤学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过对新疆和田开发区约220 km2待开垦土地的调查,按已有的发生学分类在该区不同地点挖取剖面,并对不同类型土壤剖面进行理化分析,根据《中国土壤系统分类检索(第3版)》,鉴定出诊断层和诊断特性,确定该区土壤系统分类归属。在此基础上,分别对不同土壤类型的土地生产潜力按照潜力衰减法进行初步估算。估算土地生产潜力时确定水分、土壤修正系数是估算土地生产潜力的关键。在水分修正系数研究中,不考虑土壤类型的影响,仅考虑作物、降水和灌溉对水分修正系数的影响,最终确定自然降水条件下水分修正系数和非充分灌溉条件下水分修正系数;在土壤修正系数研究中,分析新疆和田开发区土壤性质和农业资源状况,给出7项土壤指标并根据不同土壤类型确定各项指标的权重,研究土壤的修正系数。结论如下:(1)按照《中国土壤系统分类(第3版)》,和田开发区供试土壤剖面的诊断表层有干旱表层和淡薄表层,诊断层有盐积层、石膏层和雏形层,并具有干旱的土壤水分状况。据此在中国土壤系统分类中和田开发区土壤类型为以下四种:普通石膏正常干旱土、普通干旱正常盐成土、普通简育干润雏形土和弱盐干旱砂质新成土。(2)土壤类型不同,土壤的修正系数存在较大差异。估算普通简育干润雏形土土地生产潜力时的土壤修正系数为0.4914,普通石膏正常干旱土和弱盐干旱砂质新成土的土壤修正系数为0.1161和0.1269。普通干旱正常盐成土则几乎寸草不生,该土壤必须首先进行改良方可利用。(3)光合生产潜力、光温生产潜力和光温水生产潜力与土壤类型无关。开发区与同纬度地区相比具有较高的光合生产潜力,春玉米、春小麦、冬小麦和棉花的光合生产潜力分别为50 824 kg/hm2、45 177 kg/hm2、62 118 kg/hm2和56 471 kg/hm2,光温生产潜力为21 304 kg/hm2、18 442 kg/hm2、25 528 kg/hm2和23 207 kg/hm2。非充分灌溉条件:普通简育干润雏形土春玉米、春小麦、冬小麦和棉花光温水土生产潜力分别为5 057 kg/hm2、5 560 kg/hm2、6 433 kg/hm2和6 002 kg/hm2;弱盐干旱砂质新成土春玉米、春小麦、冬小麦和棉花光温水土生产潜力分别为1 306 kg/hm2、1 436 kg/hm2、1 661 kg/hm2和1 550 kg/hm2。(4)自然降水条件下开发区内牧草的光温水(气候)生产潜力为1 221 kg/hm2(干物质重),普通简育干润雏形土和弱盐干旱砂质新成土牧草的光温水土生产潜力分别为154.94kg/hm2和599.99kg/hm2;灌溉条件下普通简育干润雏形土和弱盐干旱砂质新成土人工草场的生产潜力为1 215 kg/hm2和5 143 kg/hm2。在此基础上对该区土壤提出了开发利用建议,普通干旱正常盐成土首先应进行土壤改良和培肥才可利用。由于该区干旱少雨,生态环境脆弱,因此普通简育干润雏形土应逐步改善环境条件和土壤肥力,既先营造防风林带和防风林网,改善生态小环境,与此同时应以种植牧草和绿肥为培肥土壤的主要手段,不断完善灌排系统,切不可盲目开发利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study aimed to determine soil position in Chinese Soil Taxonomy through examining the physical and chemical properties of the different typical soil profiles in 220km2 land of Hotan Development Zone, Xinjiang. Diagnostic layer and diagnostic characteristics were identified according to《Chinese Soil Taxonomy(3rdedition)》. In this foundation, using the law of potential weaken we separately estimate the land potential productivity of the different soil type. In the estimate land potential productivity process determination the moisture and the soil correction coefficient is vital to obtain the correct result. In the study of moisture correction coefficient, we do not consider the influence of the soil type and only consider the influence of corps, precipitation and irrigation to the moisture correction coefficient. Finally we determine the moisture correction coefficient under the natural precipitation condition and the non-full irrigation condition. In the study of soil correction coefficient, we analyze soil nature and the agricultural resources condition and according to soil type determine the index weight of 7 item soil target in order to study the soil correction coefficient.The result show:(1) According to《Chinese Soil Taxonomy (3rdedition)》, there are aridic epipedon, ochric epipedon, salic horizon, gypsic horizon, cambic horizon and aridic moisture regime in the soil profile of Hotan development zone. So the soil of development zone should be characterized as Typic Gypsi-Orthic Aridosols, Typic Aridi-Orthic Halosols, Typci Hapli-Aridic Cambosols and Parasalic Aridi-Sandic Primosols in Chinese Soil Taxonomy.(2) Because difference of the soil type, soil correction coefficient is different. When we estimate the land potential productivity of Typci Hapli-Aridic Cambosols, the soil correction coefficient is 0.4914, but in Typic Gypsi-Orthic Aridosols and Parasalic Aridi-Sandic Primosols the salt content is high. So in this two type soil, the soil correction coefficient only is 0.1161 and 0.1269. Because high salt content in Typic Aridi-Orthic Halosols plant nearly does not live, we must first improve it before using the soil.(3) The potential productivity of photosynthesis, of the light and heat, of the light, heat and water has nothing to do with the soil type. The potential productivity of photosynthesis in Hotan is higher than the region with the same latitude , the potential productivity of photosynthesis of spring corn, spring wheat, winter wheat and cotton is 50 824 kg/hm2、45 177 kg/hm2、62 118 kg/hm2 and 56 471 kg/hm2 , the potential productivity of light heat is 21 304 kg/hm2、18 442 kg/hm2、25 528 kg/hm2 and 23 207 kg/hm2. Under the non-full irrigation condition the potential productivity of light, heat, water and soil of spring corn, spring wheat, winter wheat and cotton in Typci Hapli-Aridic Cambosols is 5 057 kg/hm2、5 560 kg/hm2、6 433 kg/hm2 and 6002 kg/hm2; in Parasalic Aridi-Sandic Primosols the potential productivity of light, heat , water and soil of spring corn, spring wheat, winter wheat and cotton is 1 306 kg/hm2、1 436 kg/hm2、1 661 kg/hm2 and 1 550 kg/hm2.(4) In the development zone under the natural precipitation condition, the climate potential productivity of grassland is 1 221 kg/hm2 (dry matter quality), the potential productivity of light, heat , water and soil in Typci Hapli-Aridic Cambosols and Parasalic Aridi-Sandic Primosols respectively is 154.94 kg/hm2 and 599.99 kg/hm2; Under the non-full irrigation condition the potential productivity of light, heat , water and soil of artificial grassland in Typci Hapli-Aridic Cambosols and Parasalic Aridi-Sandic Primosols is 1 215 kg/hm2 and 5 143 kg/hm2.On the basis of this, we put forward the suggestion of soil development and using. Typci Hapli-Aridic Cambosols first should do soil improvement and improve soil fertility before using. Because arid and few rain, the ecological environment of development zone is frail, therefore environmental conditions and soil fertility should be gradually improved in Typci Hapli-Aridic Cambosols. firstly we should create a wind shelter-belt and improve the ecological environment. Meanwhile we should plant forage and green manure as the main means of fertilizing the soil and improve the irrigation and drainage systems. It must be avoided to blindly exploit.更多还原