【作者】 冯辉；

【导师】 黄林；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业电气化与自动化， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文详细阐述了变频电梯串行微机控制系统的相关硬件设计实现,软件中关键算法的设计实现以及电梯群控系统的结构算法分析和设计。本研究采用分布式结构设计电梯的控制系统,利用富士通16位单片机MB90F543作为主控芯片构建主控制器、STC 8位单片机89C53RC构建轿厢控制器和外召唤控制器。以单片机构建的系统取代传统PLC控制电梯,系统中各控制器之间采用异步串行通讯方式连接,经济可靠。采用CAN总线技术构建电梯群控线型网络,灵活高效。各控制器的硬件电路设计是围绕电梯控制系统的具体功能要求进行的。其中,主控制器包括了对电梯控制中井道信号等数字量的采集、电压监控中电压模拟量的采集、系统异步串行通讯电路、电梯群控接口电路、高压检测电路、时钟控制以及显示操作等电路的设计。按照分布式控制结构划分控制系统中各个控制器的任务,并按照任务模块进行软件程序的设计。电梯控制系统是高实时性的控制系统,本文采用了最小时间片轮转调度和基于任务优先级的中断调度相结合的算法进行实时电梯控制程序的设计。主控制器利用主控芯片的16位重装载计数器实现时间片的轮转。设计电梯控制逻辑时,采用数字量输出方式控制变频器的转换,可以较准确地调节电梯的速度,以达到乘坐电梯追求舒适感的要求。本文详细地说明了电梯检修运行、自学习运行和全集选自动运行的程序实现流程,在全集选自动运行过程中,对外召唤的响应遵从“顺向近程劫梯,逆向远程劫梯”的原则。整个控制系统已经通过了项目单位的测试,完全可以满足变频电梯控制的全部功能需要。对于当前高速发展的社会,繁忙的办公大楼对于电梯运输能力的要求很高,经常出现一两台电梯都不能满足要求的情况。因而对于多台电梯(电梯群)互相合作进行工作的要求就变得十分迫切,因此作为高性能的电梯控制系统有必要对电梯群控系统(EGCS, Elevator Group Control System)作深入的研究。本研究提出一种不同于传统的集中型群控结构的、基于CAN(Control Area Network)总线线型网络的群控结构。群控算法全部在各单梯程序中执行,从而可以在不需另外增加任何设备的情况下,直接将几台电梯相连构成群控网络,实现起来既经济又便捷。结合CAN总线线型网络结构,本文提出并设计了一种基于时间段经验交通流模式的多目标群控算法,并对多目标规划的群控算法作了分析和推导,结合CAN总线线型网络详细地分析了群控系统的运作过程,分析结果表明该算法可以迅速有效地进行派梯工作,并可有效减轻群控网络的通讯负担。更多还原

【Abstract】 The design and realization about hardware of microchip control system to VVVF elevator, the pivotal algorithmic of the software, and the design and analysis about the algorithmic structure of Elevator Group Control System (EGCS), composed the central content of this thesis. To design the control system of elevator in distributed structure, different MCU were used to construct different controllers in this system. The 16-bit MCU MB90F543 from FUJITSU SEMICONDUCTOR was the core of the Main Controller, and the 8-bit MCU 89C53RC from STC SEMICONDUCTOR was used to design the Car Controller and Hall Controller. All controllers in this system communicated each other by serial communication technology. To low cost and increase reliability this control system replaced PLC to control elevator. And CAN field bus technology was used to build the EGCS by linear network, which was more economical and efficiently.Based on the function demand of elevator control system, the circuits and hardware of all controllers were designed in this paper. Main Controller was one of the system controllers and had many function circuits. They included digital-signal-collection circuit, analog-voltage-signal-collection circuit, UART circuit, EGCS interface circuit, high voltage detecting circuit, timer controlling circuit, operating and displaying circuit, and so on.Depended on the distributed structure, the tasks of every controller in control system were assigned to work. According to the tasks the software programs were designed. Because the elevator control system was a high real-time control system, the elevator control programs were designed according to algorithmic that was composed by Minimum Time-slice Round-robin scheduling and Priority-task Interrupt scheduling. The Main Controller used the 16-bit reloaded timer to make the time-slice run. The digital output from Main Controller made inverter change output frequency, which could adjust the speed of elevator accurately. This paper presented the program flows, which included elevator inspection traveling flow, elevator self-tuning traveling flow and full-selective traveling flow. To answer hall-call obeyed to a principle during the full-selective traveling. The principle was“closer at same direction, far at different direction”. The control system which could meet all requests of elevator controllers had already passed the project test. In the fast developing society, the busy office-buildings had big need of elevator. Even two elevators were not enough to meet the need. So how to make more than two elevators work concordantly was an exigent problem to research. As a high-quality control system, it was necessary to research deeply into EGCS (Elevator Group Control system). Based on the linear network structure of the CAN (Control Area Network) bus, this paper proposed an elevator group control structure that was different from elevator group centralized control structure that was often used. This structure could make some elevators connect to be an elevator group control system without any added devices. It was economical and convenient to realize. According to the linear network structure of the CAN bus, this paper proposed and designed a multi-objective elevator group control algorithm based on the time-stage & experience traffic-flow. The thesis also stated how to analyze and deduce the multi-objective elevator group control algorithm. Finally the thesis analyzed the operating process of this EGCS and CAN bus linear network. The result of analysis indicated that this algorithm can work effectively and rapidly, and alleviate the burden of the elevator group control network.更多还原