【作者】 刘娟娟；

【导师】 邱凌；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业生物环境与能源工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 众所周知,我国是一个人口大国,又是一个农业大国。在将近13亿人口中有70%以上是农民,居住在两亿多个农村庭院之中。因此,我国又是一个农村庭院大国。随着农村生态环境的恶化以及农村耕地占用的增加,如何利用农村庭院,改变农民生活方式、增加农民收入等就成为一个十分重要的问题。然而“生态果园”建设项目解决了这一难题。随着近年来此类项目的大力推广,衡量这类项目的实施效果显的尤为重要。然而目前尚缺乏这方面的系统研究,特别是生态环境效益和社会效益以及综合效益的评价研究甚少,使得项目的实施效果得不到科学、客观和全面的衡量。本研究以西北地区“五配套”生态果园模式为研究对象。主要研究内容和结论如下:(1)根据西北“五配套”生态果园模式的概念和运行规律,研究了该模式的基本原理和系统构成,分别对系统的各个子系统的功能进行了详细的分析研究,得出该模式具有很好的经济、生态环境和社会效益。(2)运用社会调查、专家咨询和经济技术分析法、评分法和频度分析法等方法,针对系统的建设投资到运行收益全过程展开分析研究,全面考虑影响因素,提出了各个指标的表达式和评判方法,并研究构建了一套以经济、生态环境和社会效益为主体的三级指标评价体系。(3)利用所建立的指标体系,通过定性分析和定量分析相结合,运用数理统计、层析分析法,加权评分法,构造了指标隶属函数,判断矩阵。并对该模式的综合效益评价基于模糊层次分析法(AHP)建立了数学模型,提出了一套科学可行的综合效益评价方法。(4)运用所建立的指标体系和综合效益评价方法,通过实地入户问卷调查获取数据,分析并验证了该评价方法的客观适用性和科学可行性。为该项目的实施、推广和验收提供了有力的理论和实践依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is well known, our country is a population great nation. Also it is a large agricultural nation, it has above 70% in nearly 1.3 billion populations who are the farmers, and who live in more than 200 million countryside gardens. So our country is a large courtyard nation. With the countryside ecological environment worsening as well as the countryside farming reduced, how using of the countryside garden, changing the farmer life style and how increasing the farmers’income become an extremely important question.“Eco-orchard item”constructing is a good answer for this question.“Eco-orchard”mode is a eco-agriculture benign recurrent system, which make the agriculture, forest and the breeding as well as microorganism techniques all together. Recently this mode is get more and more popular in the rural area. So its benefits evaluated get an important study domain. However, it is nearly a blank in our country.My study is based on the“five in one”eco-orchard mode in the northwest of china. The main contributions and the conclusions of the research are as following:(1) Based on the conception and the running rule of the“five in one”eco-orchard mode in the northwest of china.Researched the basal principle and the system composing of this mode. Also by studying on the function of the system.We get that this mode has notable benefits.(2) In this research, by using social investigation method, frequency analysis method, varied indicators from literatures have been analyzed. According to the frequency, the background character, major problems and social economic condition of eco-orchard in different regions, those focus indicators has been chosen after analyzing, comparing. Based on this, we inquired specialist and adjusted the indicators. At last, we established a set of indicator system with three levers, which mainly cover economic, ecological and social benefits.(3) According to the indicator system, using AHP fuzzy evaluation method analyzed the comprehensive benefits of the“five in one”eco-orchard mold. Based on Quantity Stat. and grade method, established the judgment matrix, the subjection function and the math evaluation mode.(4) Applying the investigated data from the item-village to the evaluation mode, indicated that the evaluation method and the indicators system are scientific, rational and applied. Therefore, the research offered a convenient evaluation method for workers engaged with the eco-orchard work.更多还原